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Dispositional empathy with nature

机译：对自然的性情移情

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Empathy has been regarded by environmental thinkers as a key in conservation efforts. Nevertheless, systematic research on empathy toward nature, particularly from the personality perspective, has been lacking in psychology. The present research thus provides this needed investigation by testing four propositions regarding a new construct-dispositional empathy with nature (DEN), which refers to the dispositional tendency to understand and share the emotional experience of the natural world. In five studies with 817 participants in total (including university students and working adults from two societies), DEN robustly and uniquely predicted conservation behavior (Proposition 1). Females, respondents who felt close to nature, and participants who considered nature to be sentient exhibited stronger DEN (Propositions 2-4). DEN was distinct from empathy with humans and a number of known determinants of conservation behavior (including personality traits, values, emotional involvement with nature, environmental concern, and social desirability bias). Taken together, these findings highlight the possibility of developing a theory of empathy with nature by referring to the existing understanding about empathy with humans. The construct of DEN has much theoretical utility, as it sheds new light on several under-explored issues in conservation psychology (including the gender gap in environmen-talism, the role of connection to nature, and the role of anthropomorphism), and bears practical implications for the promotion of environmentalism. In addition, the newly developed scale for DEN is potentially useful for assessing the efficacy of environmental education programs.
机译：环境思想家认为移情是保护工作的关键。然而，心理学上缺乏对同情自然的系统研究，特别是从人格角度。因此，本研究通过测试关于新的建构-自然的同理心（DEN）的四个命题，来提供这种需要的调查，DEN是指理解和分享自然世界的情感体验的性格倾向。在总共有817名参与者（包括来自两个社会的大学生和在职成年人）的五项研究中，DEN强有力且独特地预测了保护行为（命题1）。女性，亲近大自然的受访者以及认为自然是有情的参与者表现出更强的DEN（命题2-4）。 DEN不同于对人类的同情和对保护行为的许多已知决定因素（包括人格特质，价值观，对自然的情感参与，对环境的关注以及对社会的期望偏差）。综上所述，这些发现突出了通过提及对人类同情的现有理解来发展自然同理理论的可能性。 DEN的结构在理论上具有很大的实用性，因为它为保护心理学中几个尚未充分探索的问题（包括环境主义中的性别鸿沟，与自然的联系以及拟人化的作用）提供了新的思路，并具有实用性。对促进环保主义的意义。此外，新近开发的DEN量表对于评估环境教育计划的有效性可能很有用。

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