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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of environmental science and health >Optimization and characterization of the formation of oil-in-water diazinon nanoemulsions: Modeling and influence of the oil phase, surfactant and sonication
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Optimization and characterization of the formation of oil-in-water diazinon nanoemulsions: Modeling and influence of the oil phase, surfactant and sonication

机译：水包油二嗪农纳米乳液形成的优化和表征：油相，表面活性剂和超声处理的建模及其影响

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Nanoemulsions are particularly suitable as a platform in the development of delivery systems for lipophilic functional agents. Current research describes the formation of oil-in-water (O/W) diazinon nanoemulsions using synthetic and natural additives by adopting a high-energy (ultrasound) emulsification method. The diazinon nanoemulsions were spontaneously formed by adding dropwise a mixture of diazinon, solvent and co-solvent in an aqueous solution containing a surfactant (tween or lecithin) with continuous stirring. The nanoemulsions were then formed by ultra-sonication. The effects of three levels of active ingredient, solvent, co-solvent, surfactant, sonication time and sonication cycle and power were performed by Minitab software to design the experiment. Effects of these factors on droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), viscosity and pH of nanoemulsions were investigated. The results of the modeling showed that the experimental data could be adequately adapted in a second-order polynomial model with a multiple regression coefficient r~2 of 0.821 for the prediction of particle size, PDI and viscosity. The long-term and thermodynamic stability of the prepared nanoemulsions were tested. The droplet size and morphology of the nanoemulsions were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). On this basis, a water-insoluble insecticide diazinon was incorporated into 26 optimized nanoemulsion systems to demonstrate potential applications in pest control. The results of DLS and TEM measurements showed that most of prepared nanoemulsions had an almost monodisperse droplet size distribution (PDI < 200 nm). Incorporation of diazinon had no significant effect on the size and stability of the nanoemulsions and the formulated nanoemulsion remained stable after four months of storage.
机译：纳米乳剂特别适合作为亲脂性功能剂的递送系统开发的平台。当前的研究描述了通过采用高能（超声）乳化方法，使用合成和天然添加剂形成水包油（O / W）二嗪农纳米乳液的方法。通过在连续搅拌下将二嗪农，溶剂和助溶剂的混合物滴加到含有表面活性剂（吐温或卵磷脂）的水溶液中而自发形成二嗪农纳米乳液。然后通过超声处理形成纳米乳液。通过Minitab软件对活性成分，溶剂，助溶剂，表面活性剂，超声处理时间，超声处理周期和功率这三个水平的影响进行了设计。研究了这些因素对微滴尺寸，多分散指数（PDI），粘度和pH值的影响。建模结果表明，该实验数据可以在二阶多项式模型中得到很好的拟合，其多元回归系数r〜2为0.821，可用于粒径，PDI和粘度的预测。测试了制备的纳米乳液的长期稳定性和热力学稳定性。通过动态光散射（DLS）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）测量了纳米乳液的液滴尺寸和形态。在此基础上，将水不溶性杀虫剂二嗪农掺入26种优化的纳米乳剂体系中，以证明其在有害生物防治中的潜在应用。 DLS和TEM测量的结果表明，大多数制备的纳米乳剂具有几乎单分散的液滴尺寸分布（PDI ＜200nm）。二嗪农的加入对纳米乳液的尺寸和稳定性没有显着影响，并且配制的纳米乳液在储存四个月后保持稳定。

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