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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health >The importance of community education for individual mortality: a fixed-effects analysis of longitudinal multilevel data on 1.7 million Norwegian women and men
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The importance of community education for individual mortality: a fixed-effects analysis of longitudinal multilevel data on 1.7 million Norwegian women and men

机译：社区教育对个人死亡率的重要性：关于170万挪威男女的纵向多层次数据的固定效应分析

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摘要

Background Earlier investigations have shown mortality effects of community socio-economic resources. However, the sex differences have not been clear, and the estimates may well have been biased because of inadequate control for community factors affecting both the socio-economic resources and mortality. The objective of this study was to see whether any effects appeared when time-invariant community characteristics were controlled by including community dummies (fixed effects) and whether there were any differences between women and men. Methods Discrete-time hazard models for all-cause mortality were estimated for 1981-2002 for all Norwegians aged 60-89, using register data. There were 730000 deaths among 1.7 million people observed during 19 million person-years. Average education was measured for 433 municipalities for each of the 22 years. Results According to the simplest models, a high average education in the municipality is associated with increased mortality. Control for population size (time-averaged) reversed the effects. Inclusion of municipality dummies instead of population size, to control also for additional unobserved time-invariant municipality characteristics, gave very different results: the effects were even stronger for men, while those for women were no longer significant. The results were quite robust to alternative specifications, including the use of a lagged average-education variable. Conclusion The study supports the idea that community socio-economic resources may affect mortality and suggests that sex differentials may deserve more attention. It also illustrates the importance of controlling for time-invariant community factors. Unless these can be easily measured, in future investigations one may consider establishing longitudinal data and using a fixed-effects approach such as that used here.
机译：背景技术较早的调查显示了社区社会经济资源的死亡率影响。但是，性别差异尚不明确，由于对影响社会经济资源和死亡率的社区因素的控制不足，估计数字可能有偏差。这项研究的目的是观察当通过包括社区假人来控制时不变的社区特征时是否会产生任何影响（固定影响）以及男女之间是否存在任何差异。方法使用登记数据，估算了1981-2002年所有60-89岁挪威人的全因死亡率离散时间危险模型。在1900万人年中，有170万人中有73万人死亡。在22年中，对433个城市的平均教育水平进行了测量。结果根据最简单的模型，市政府的高平均教育会增加死亡率。控制人口规模（时间平均）可以扭转这种影响。包括市政假人而不是人口规模，以控制其他未观察到的随时间变化的市政特征，得出的结果也截然不同：男人的影响更大，而女人的影响不再明显。结果对于包括使用滞后的平均教育变量在内的替代规范而言非常可靠。结论该研究支持社区社会经济资源可能影响死亡率的观点，并建议性别差异值得更多关注。它还说明了控制时不变的社区因素的重要性。除非可以容易地测量这些，否则在将来的研究中，可以考虑建立纵向数据并使用固定效应方法，例如此处使用的方法。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health》 |2010年第12期|p.1029-1035|共7页
  • 作者

    Oystein Kravdal;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Economics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1095, Blindern, Oslo 0317, Norway;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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