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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Botany >Cytoplasmic connection of sperm cells to the pollen vegetative cell nucleus: potential roles of the male germ unit revisited
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Cytoplasmic connection of sperm cells to the pollen vegetative cell nucleus: potential roles of the male germ unit revisited

机译：精子细胞与花粉营养细胞核的细胞质联系：男性生殖单元的潜在作用再探讨

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摘要

The male germ cells of angiosperm plants are neither free-living nor flagellated and therefore are dependent on the unique structure of the pollen grain for fertilization. During angiosperm male gametogenesis, an asymmetric mitotic division produces the generative cell, which is completely enclosed within the cytoplasm of the larger pollen grain vegetative cell. Mitotic division of the generative cell generates two sperm cells that remain connected by a common extracellular matrix with potential intercellular connections. In addition, one sperm cell has a cytoplasmic projection in contact with the vegetative cell nucleus. The shared extracellular matrix of the two sperm cells and the physical association of one sperm cell to the vegetative cell nucleus forms a linkage of all the genetic material in the pollen grain, termed the male germ unit. Found in species representing both the monocot and eudicot lineages, the cytoplasmic projection is formed by vesicle formation and microtubule elongation shortly after the formation of the generative cell and tethers the male germ unit until just prior to fertilization. The cytoplasmic projection plays a structural role in linking the male germ unit, but potentially plays other important roles. Recently, it has been speculated that the cytoplasmic projection and the male germ unit may facilitate communication between the somatic vegetative cell nucleus and the germinal sperm cells, via RNA and/or protein transport. This review focuses on the nature of the sperm cell cytoplasmic projection and the potential communicative function of the male germ unit.
机译：被子植物的雄性生殖细胞既不自由活动也不鞭毛，因此依赖于花粉粒独特的结构进行受精。在被子植物雄性配子发生过程中，不对称的有丝分裂分裂产生了生殖细胞，该细胞被完全包封在较大花粉粒营养细胞的细胞质内。生殖细胞的有丝分裂分裂产生两个精子细胞，这些精子细胞通过共同的细胞外基质保持连接，并具有潜在的细胞间连接。另外，一个精子细胞具有与营养细胞核接触的胞质突起。两个精子细胞共享的细胞外基质以及一个精子细胞与营养细胞核之间的物理联系形成了花粉粒中所有遗传物质的链接，称为雄性生殖单位。在代表单子叶植物和双子叶植物谱系的物种中发现，胞质投射是由生殖细胞形成后不久形成囊泡和微管伸长形成的，并束缚雄性生殖单位直到受精前。细胞质投射在连接雄性生殖单位中起结构性作用，但潜在地起其他重要作用。最近，已经推测，胞质投射和雄性生殖单位可以通过RNA和/或蛋白质转运促进体细胞营养细胞核与生精细胞之间的通讯。这项审查侧重于精子细胞胞质投射的性质和雄性生殖单位的潜在沟通功能。

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