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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >Size-dependent predation and intraspecific inhibition of an estuarine snail feeding on oysters
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Size-dependent predation and intraspecific inhibition of an estuarine snail feeding on oysters

机译：摄食牡蛎的河口蜗牛的大小依赖性捕食和种内抑制

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Predator outbreaks have increased in the past two decades in many ecosystems and are predicted to become more common with climate change. During these outbreaks, predator densities increase rapidly, and can cause large reductions in prey populations or shifts in prey size structure. However, unexpected interactions may occur at high predator densities, necessitating a mechanistic understanding of how increased predator density affects predator -prey dynamics. In the northern Gulf of Mexico, outbreaks of southern oyster drill, Stramonita haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1767), occur during high salinity events, and can greatly reduce eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791), populations. A large outbreak of drills occurred from 2013 to 2015 in Apalachicola Bay, FL which corresponded with an oyster fishery collapse in that bay. To improve our mechanistic understanding of predation during such a high -density outbreak, laboratory experiments based on field observations were used to quantify the prey size selection by drills and the drill functional response, as a function of drill abundance. Drills fed on medium-sized oysters (50-75 mm) more often than small and larg, tr-sized oysters, and often formed aggregations during feeding events. However, despite this aggregative response, there was a negative relationship between per capita feeding rates and drill abundance. Indeed, the Crowley -Martin functional response model had the most parsimonious fit to the data, suggesting that predator -predator inhibition reduced attack rates and increased handling times. Due to an increase in regional drought conditions and water usage in the southeastern United States, drill outbreaks will likely increase in frequency and duration. A greater understanding of how predation rates change with predator densities during outbreaks will improve predictions of oyster mortality, and strengthen the scientific framework for oyster fishery decisions.
机译：在过去的二十年中，许多生态系统中的捕食者暴发数量有所增加，并且据预测随着气候变化将更加普遍。在这些暴发期间，捕食者的密度迅速增加，并可能导致猎物种群大量减少或猎物大小结构发生变化。但是，在高捕食者密度下可能会发生意料之外的相互作用，因此需要对增加的捕食者密度如何影响捕食者-猎物动力学产生机理的理解。在墨西哥湾北部，在高盐度事件中会发生南部牡蛎钻头Stramonita haemastoma（Linnaeus，1767）的爆发，并可以大大减少东部牡蛎Crassostrea virginica（Gmelin，1791）的种群。从2013年到2015年，佛罗里达州阿帕拉奇科拉湾发生了一次大规模的演习，这与该海湾的牡蛎捕捞活动相对应。为了提高我们在如此高密度爆发中对捕食的力学理解，基于实地观察的实验室实验被用来量化钻头选择的猎物大小和钻头功能响应，并以此作为钻头丰度的函数。以中型牡蛎（50-75毫米）为食的钻头比小型和大型tr型牡蛎要多，并且在进食过程中经常形成聚集体。然而，尽管采取了这种综合反应，但人均进食速度与钻头丰度之间却存在负相关关系。确实，Crowley-Martin功能反应模型最符合该数据，这表明捕食者-捕食者抑制作用降低了攻击率并增加了处理时间。由于美国东南部地区干旱条件的增加和用水的增加，演习爆发的频率和持续时间可能会增加。对暴发期间捕食率如何随捕食者密度变化的更多了解将改善对牡蛎死亡率的预测，并加强牡蛎渔业决策的科学框架。

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