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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >Variable effects of increased temperature on a trematode parasite and its intertidal hosts
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Variable effects of increased temperature on a trematode parasite and its intertidal hosts

机译：温度升高对线虫寄生虫及其潮间带寄主的影响

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Climate change has the potential to influence host-parasite interactions. In this study, we tested how an increase in temperature outside of the common range (12-17 ℃) in the Upper Bay of Fundy affected the infection success and impact of a marine parasite (the trematode Cynaecotyla adunca) to its second intermediate host, the intertidal amphipod Corophium volutator. We measured the emergence of G. adunca infectious stages (cercariae) from the first intermediate host, the mud snail Ilyanassa obsoleta, over short (24 h) and long (34 days) time periods, the condition of infected snails, the success of cercariae in penetrating amphipod hosts (infectivity), and the survivorship of infected amphipods. The greatest number of cercariae emerged at 22 ℃ after 24 h; however, after an initial peak, few cercariae emerged over the longer observation period and there were no consistent temperature effects. Infected snails remained in good condition at the highest temperature (22 ℃), as evidenced by their high survivorship and ability to upright themselves. Amphipod host infection (prevalence and intensity) was not affected by temperature. The highest temperature negatively affected amphipod survival, but this did not differ between infected and uninfected hosts. We suggest that increased temperature by itself appears not to result in greater amphipod susceptibility to infection by trematodes or reduced host condition/survival if it is within a naturally-experienced range. While our study indicates no clear and consistent effects of a moderate temperature increase alone on the infection success and impacts of C. adunca in the Upper Bay of Fundy, further studies employing a greater range of temperature extremes and additional abiotic and biotic factors will be needed in order to better understand how climate change may impact the keystone amphipods in nature.
机译：气候变化有可能影响宿主与寄生虫的相互作用。在这项研究中，我们测试了芬迪河上游湾温度超出正常范围（12-17℃）的升高如何影响感染成功以及海洋寄生虫（沙门藻Cynaecotyla adunca）对其第二个中间宿主的影响，潮间两栖动物Corophium v​​olturator。我们在短时间（24小时）和长时间（34天）内测量了来自第一个中间宿主，泥蜗牛Ilyanassa obsoleta的念珠菌感染阶段（尾c）的出现，被感染的蜗牛的状况，尾c的成功穿透两栖动物宿主（传染性），以及感染两栖动物的生存。 24 h后22℃出现了最多的尾c;然而，在最初的峰值之后，在较长的观察期内几乎没有尾cer出现，并且没有一致的温度影响。被感染的蜗牛在最高温度（22℃）下仍处于良好状态，这表明它们具有很高的生存能力和直立能力。两栖动物宿主感染（患病率和强度）不受温度的影响。最高温度会对两栖动物的存活产生负面影响，但这在感染和未感染的宿主之间没有区别。我们建议，温度升高本身似乎不会导致两栖类动物更容易受到吸虫感染或宿主条件/存活率降低（如果在自然经验范围内）。尽管我们的研究表明，温和升高仅对芬迪湾上游感染的成功率和阿迪克梭菌的影响没有明显和一致的影响，但仍需要进一步的研究，采用更大范围的极端温度以及其他非生物和生物因素为了更好地了解气候变化如何影响自然界中的重点两栖动物。

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