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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >Negative effects of increasing group size on foraging in two estuarine piscivores
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Negative effects of increasing group size on foraging in two estuarine piscivores

机译：小组人数增加对两个河口食肉动物觅食的负面影响

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摘要

The effect of predator density on per capita ingestion rates in two estuarine predators, age-0 bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix L.) and age-1 striped bass (Morone saxatilis W.), was examined in a 121,000-1 research aquarium. Group size treatments were 3, 6, 12, and 24 predators; each treatment was provided with 100 prey (mummichog killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus L.) during a 22-h feeding trial. The behaviors of predator and prey were recorded. Predator type and group size had a significant effect on per capita ingestion rates. Bluefish had significantly higher per capita ingestion rates compared to striped bass. For bluefish, per capita ingestion rate was highest in the three predator group, while for striped bass, individuals in the six predator treatment had the highest ingestion rates. From these maxima, per capita ingestion rate values declined to their lowest values in the 24 predator treatment for both species. Several factors that may be responsible for lowered per capita ingestion rates at higher group sizes include predator interference, prey depletion, and anti-predator behaviors of prey. For juvenile bluefish and striped bass being a member of a relatively large group may lead to decreased individual ingestion rates. Given that large group sizes of these species occur in nature, we conclude that these foraging costs must be outweighed by benefits of group membership.
机译：在121,000-1个研究水族馆中，研究了两个河口捕食者，即0岁的蓝鱼（Pomatomus saltatrix L.）和1岁的条纹鲈鱼（Morone saxatilis W.）的捕食者密度对人均摄食率的影响。团体规模的治疗分别是3、6、12和24个捕食者。在为期22小时的饲养试验中，每种处理均提供了100只猎物（穆美克鱼，Fundulus heteroclitus L.）。记录捕食者和猎物的行为。捕食者的类型和种群规模对人均摄食率有显着影响。与条纹鲈鱼相比，鱼的人均摄食率明显更高。在三个捕食者组中，蓝鱼的人均摄食率最高，而在六个捕食者中，条纹鲈鱼的人的摄食率最高。在这两种物种的24种捕食者处理中，人均摄食率值从这些最大值降至最低值。在较高的规模时，可能导致人均摄食率降低的几个因素包括掠食者干扰，猎物消耗和掠食者的反掠食行为。对于幼小的蓝鱼和鲈鱼来说，作为一个相对较大的群体的成员可能会导致个体摄入率下降。鉴于自然界中存在这些物种的大型种群，我们得出结论，这些觅食成本必须被群体成员的好处所抵消。

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