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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >Temporal variation in intertidal habitat use by nekton at seasonal and diel scales
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Temporal variation in intertidal habitat use by nekton at seasonal and diel scales

机译：季节性和迪尔尺度的尼克顿潮间带栖息地利用的时间变化

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Structure provided by temperate seagrasses is expected to reduce encounter rates with predators and therefore benefit small nekton most in summer, when predation is intense and seagrass reaches peak biomass, and in the day relative to night, when darkness limits visually-oriented predators regardless of habitat. Based on seines in eelgrass (Zostera marina), unvegetated habitat, and edges in Willapa Bay, Washington, USA, nekton abundances varied across habitats and on both diel and seasonal time scales, yet only a few time-by-habitat interactions were observed, in which habitat distinctions were most pronounced at certain times. One explanation is that four of the six most abundant species disproportionately occupied unvegetated habitat or were habitat generalists, but our expectations were based on eelgrass-associated taxa. Multivariate community structure responded separately to season, habitat, and diet period, in order of importance. Total abundance showed a significant season-by-habitat interaction. A summer peak in vegetated habitats was largely driven by shiner perch and sticklebacks, two eelgrass-associated fishes, while unvegetated habitat showed year-round uniform abundances due to taxa like English sole and sand shrimp with winter and spring peaks, and no strong habitat associations or association with unvegetated habitat, respectively. In a single diel-by-habitat interaction, shiner perch were eelgrass-associated during the day but not at night. No evidence emerged of differences in body size across habitats for any species measured, but many taxa grew seasonally, likely as cohorts migrating out of the estuary. Seasonality was thus the strongest signal governing patterns of community structure, abundance, and body size across time and space, while habitat structure and diel period were less important. Our results are largely consistent with the other studies showing the primacy of seasonality in structuring estuarine nekton communities, but also show that this pattern is highly dependent on the seasonal recruitment patterns and habitat associations of abundant nekton.
机译：温带海草提供的结构有望减少与捕食者的接触率，因此，在夏季，当捕食强度大且海草达到生物量峰值时，以及在相对于夜晚（相对于夜晚，黑暗限制了视觉导向的捕食者）的白天，大多数尼康都会受益。 。基于鳗草（围捕虾（Zostera marina））的围网，无植被的生境以及美国华盛顿州威拉帕湾的边缘，各生境之间的尼克顿丰度各不相同，在迪尔和季节时间尺度上都不同，但仅观察到了几次栖息地相互作用，在某些时候，栖息地的区别最明显。一种解释是，六个最丰富的物种中有四个不成比例地占据了无植被的生境或属于生境通才，但我们的期望是基于与鳗草相关的分类单元。多元社区结构按重要性顺序分别响应季节，栖息地和饮食时期。总的丰度显示出显着的逐季栖息地相互作用。植被栖息地的夏季高峰主要是由光泽的鲈鱼和stick鱼，两种与鳗草相关的鱼类驱动的，而无植被的栖息地则由于类群（如英国唯一的沙虾和冬，春季高峰的沙虾）而表现出全年均匀的丰度，并且没有强烈的栖息地关联或与无植被的栖息地相关联。在一次按栖息地进行的diel互动中，白天栖息在草地草上的是鲈鱼，而不是在夜晚。没有证据表明任何物种在生境之间的体型差异，但是许多类群是季节性增长的，这很可能是由于一些种群迁出河口。因此，季节性是控制时间和空间上的群落结构，丰度和体型的最强信号，而栖息地结构和diel时期则不那么重要。我们的结果在很大程度上与其他研究表明季节性在构造河口尼克顿群落中的重要性有关，但也表明这种模式高度依赖于季节性招聘模式和丰富的尼克顿的生境关联。

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