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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >Sublethal fish responses to short-term food chain transfer of DSP toxins: The role of somatic condition
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Sublethal fish responses to short-term food chain transfer of DSP toxins: The role of somatic condition

机译：亚致死鱼类对DSP毒素短期食物链转移的反应：体细胞状况的作用

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摘要

Toxins synthesized by marine benthic dinoflagellates may be transferred towards higher trophic levels via cell ingestion. Okadaic acid (OA) and other compounds produced by benthic Prorocentrwn species are associated with acute and lethal fish responses, but its sublethal effects are barely known. The toxicity of low and intermediate P. lima concentrations to the ringneck blenny Parablennius pilicornis was evaluated through short-term food chain transfer experiments using brine shrimps as primary grazers of toxic cells and, subsequently, as fish prey. Fish activity level, opercular beat frequency, feces biomass, condition factor, and hepatosomatic index were used as toxicity proxies. We hypothesized that sub-lethal concentrations of DSP toxins will affect fish responses, but the strength of these effects will be mediated by the initial somatic condition of exposed individuals. Increased opercular beat frequencies were recorded in fish from the treatment with the highest P. lima concentration provided to brine shrimps, contrasting with rather variable and low opercular beat frequencies from the control. Fish fed with brine shrimps exposed to low and intermediate concentrations of P. lima showed a great inter-individual variation in activity level and particularly in opercular beat frequency, wherein the initial condition factor of exposed individuals appeared to have broadly mediated these fish responses. The presence of P. lima all year round in benthic marine systems highlights a possible chronic exposure of fish to OA and fish will likely become more susceptible to predation in natural environments, facilitating, therefore, toxin transfer through marine trophic webs.
机译：海洋底栖鞭毛鞭毛藻合成的毒素可通过细胞摄取转移到更高的营养水平。底栖原生鱼类产生的冈田酸（OA）和其他化合物与鱼类的急性和致死反应有关，但其亚致死作用鲜为人知。通过短期食物链转移实验，使用盐水虾作为有毒细胞的主要放牧者，随后作为鱼类的捕食者，评估了中低浓度的利马毕生疟原虫对颈enny软皮Parablennius pilicornis的毒性。鱼的活动水平，眼动搏动频率，粪便生物量，条件因子和肝体指数被用作毒性代理。我们假设DSP毒素的亚致死浓度将影响鱼类的反应，但这些作用的强度将由接触个体的初始体细胞状况介导。在处理后的鱼类中，记录到的高操作性拍动频率增加了，给咸水虾提供了最高的利马疟原虫浓度，而对照中的操作性拍动频率却变化不大且较低。饲喂暴露于低和中等浓度的利马毕氏疟原虫的盐水虾的鱼在活动水平，特别是操作性搏动频率方面存在很大的个体差异，其中暴露个体的初始条件因子似乎广泛介导了这些鱼的反应。底栖海洋系统中全年都存在利马疟原虫，这突显了鱼类可能长期暴露于OA中，鱼类很可能更容易在自然环境中被捕食，因此有利于毒素通过海洋营养网传播。

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