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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >High thermal plasticity, and vulnerability, in extreme environments at the warm distributional edge: The case of a tidepool shrimp
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High thermal plasticity, and vulnerability, in extreme environments at the warm distributional edge: The case of a tidepool shrimp

机译：热塑性高，脆弱性，在温暖分布边缘的极端环境中：潮汐虾的情况

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摘要

Climate change threatens the resilience of species, especially at their warm distributional edge in extreme environments. We investigated the thermal vulnerability of the tidepool shrimp, Palaemon elegans in the fastwarming southeastern Mediterranean Sea, its warm distributional edge. Tidepool organisms experience strong and fast thermal fluctuations. This might make them more resilient to change, but also bring them closer to their thermal limits during extreme conditions. To examine the shrimp's resilience, we tested three hypotheses: (1) P. elegance in the southeast Mediterranean has higher critical thermal maximum (CTMax) than in cooler regions, (2) the shrimp possess seasonal acclimatization, but (3) long exposure to extreme summer temperatures might erode its thermal performance making it vulnerable to future climate change. In a series of field observations and laboratory experiments we characterized the shrimp's thermal environment and population dynamics, determined its CTMax and tested diverse physiological performance attributes (respiration, digestion, activity, growth) under a wide range of temperatures during winter and summer. The thermal performance curves show that peak respiration rates occur at higher temperatures in the summer compared to winter, indicating seasonal acclimatization. The shrimp's CTMax was 38.1 degrees C; higher than its Atlantic counterparts, and an indication of biogeographic adaptation. However, its warming tolerance (the thermal safety margin: distance between maximum pool temperatures and CTMax) was only 0.3 degrees C, indicating low capacity for dealing with further warming in mostly isolated pools, compared to northeast Atlantic populations that have a wider safety margin. Performance also eroded with increase in exposure duration to high temperatures, and the optimum temperature reduces with time. We predict that prolonged exposure to current (similar to 32 degrees C) and future mean summer values in open water would significantly reduce its performance and increase its mortality. Further, juvenile P. elegans were found to be more vulnerable to extreme (cold and hot) temperatures than adults. Together, these findings indicate that the population viability of this robust coastal water shrimp would eventually be reduced under continuous regional warming and the intensification of extreme events.
机译：气候变化威胁着物种的恢复力，特别是在极端环境中的温暖分布边缘。我们调查了Tidepool虾的热脆弱性，在Fastvarming Southeantern Mediterranean，它的热量分布边缘。 Tidepool Onderisms经历强大而快速的热波动。这可能使它们更加有弹性变化，但也会在极端条件下使它们更接近它们的热限制。要检查虾的弹性，我们测试了三个假设：（1）P. Southeast Mediterranean中的优雅具有更高的临界热量（CTmax），而不是冷却器区域，（2）虾具有季节性适应，但（3）长时间接触极端夏季气温可能会侵蚀其热性能，使其容易受到未来的气候变化。在一系列现场观测和实验室实验中，我们以虾的热环境和人口动态为特征，确定其CTMAX并在冬季和夏季的各种温度下测试各种生理性能属性（呼吸，消化，活性，生长）。热性能曲线表明，与冬季相比，夏季的较高温度升高呼吸率在季节性均匀的情况下发生。虾的ctmax为38.1度;高于其大西洋同行，以及生物地理适应的指示。然而，它的变暖耐受性（热安全率：最大池温度和CTmax之间的距离）仅为0.3℃，表明与具有更广泛的安全保证金的东北大西洋人群相比，在大多数隔离池中处理进一步变暖的低容量。性能也随着曝光持续时间的增加而侵蚀，并且最佳温度随时间减少。我们预测，延长曝光的电流（类似于32摄氏度）和未来的开阔水中的平均夏季值将显着降低其性能并提高其死亡率。此外，发现少年P.秀丽隐杆线虫比成年人更容易受到极端（冷和热）的温度。这些发现在一起表明，在连续区域变暖和极端事件的强化下，这种强大的沿海水虾的人口活力最终将减少。

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