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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of food engineering >Structured-illumination reflectance imaging coupled with phase analysis techniques for surface profiling of apples
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Structured-illumination reflectance imaging coupled with phase analysis techniques for surface profiling of apples

机译：结构照明反射成像与相位分析技术相结合的苹果表面轮廓分析

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摘要

Three-dimensional (3-D) geometry information is valuable for fruit quality evaluation. This study was aimed at exploring an emerging structured -illumination reflectance imaging (SIRI) system, coupled with phase analysis, for reconstructing surface profiles of fruit. Phase-shifted sinusoidal patterns, distorted by the fruit geometry, were acquired and processed through phase demodulation, phase unwrapping and other post-processing procedures to obtain phase difference maps relative to the phase of a reference plane. The phase maps were then transformed into height profiles based on phase-to-height calibrations. A reference plane-based approach, in conjunction with the curve fitting technique using polynomials of order 3 or higher, was utilized for phase-to-height calibrations, which achieved superior accuracies with the root-mean-squared errors (RMSEs) of 0.027-0.033 mm for a height measurement range of 0-91 mm. The 3rd-order polynomial curve fitting technique was further tested on two reference blocks with known heights, resulting in relative errors of 3.75% and 4.16%. Tests of the calibrated system for reconstructing the surface of apple samples showed that surface concavities (i.e., stem/calyx regions) could be readily discriminated from bruising defects from both the phase difference images and reconstructed height profiles. This study has laid a foundation for using SIRI for reconstructing the 3-D geometry, and thus expanded the capability of the technique for quality evaluation of horticultural products. Further research is needed to utilize the phase analysis techniques for detecting surface concavities of apples, and optimize the phase demodulation and unwrapping algorithms for faster and more reliable detection. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
机译：三维（3-D）几何信息对于水果质量评估很有价值。这项研究旨在探索一种新兴的结构化照明反射成像（SIRI）系统，并结合相位分析，以重建水果的表面轮廓。通过相位解调，相位展开和其他后处理程序，获取并处理了因水果几何形状而变形的相移正弦波模式，并获得了相对于参考平面相位的相位差图。然后根据相高度标定将相图转换为高度轮廓。基于参考平面的方法与使用3阶或更高阶多项式的曲线拟合技术相结合，用于相高校正，该方法以0.027-1.0的均方根误差（RMSE）获得了较高的精度。 0.033毫米，用于0-91毫米的高度测量范围。在具有已知高度的两个参考块上进一步测试了三阶多项式曲线拟合技术，导致相对误差为3.75％和4.16％。对用于重建苹果样品表面的校准系统的测试表明，可以很容易地从相差图像和重建的高度轮廓上将表面凹度（即茎/花萼区域）与瘀伤缺陷区分开。这项研究为使用SIRI重建3-D几何结构奠定了基础，从而扩展了园艺产品质量评估技术的能力。需要利用相位分析技术检测苹果的表面凹度，并优化相位解调和展开算法，以实现更快，更可靠的检测，这需要进一步的研究。由Elsevier Ltd.发布

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