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A solution from hell: the United States and the rise of humanitarian interventionism, 1991-2003

机译：地狱般的解决方案：美国与人道主义干预主义的兴起，1991-2003年

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This article traces the rise of humanitarian interventionist ideas in the US from 1991 to 2003. Until 1997, humanitarian intervention was a relatively limited affair, conceived ad hoc more than systematically, prioritized below multilateralism, aiming to relieve suffering without transforming foreign polities. For this reason, US leaders and citizens scarcely contemplated armed intervention in the Rwandan genocide of 1994: the US ‘duty to stop genocide’ was a norm still under development. It flourished only in the late 1990s, when humanitarian interventionism, like neoconservatism, became popular in the US establishment and enthusiastic in urging military invasion to remake societies. Now inaction in Rwanda looked outrageous. Stopping the genocide seemed, in retrospect, easily achieved by 5,000 troops, a projection that ignored serious obstacles. On the whole, humanitarian interventionists tended to understate difficulties of halting ethnic conflict, ignore challenges of postconflict reconstruction, discount constraints imposed by public opinion, and override multilateral procedures. These assumptions primed politicians and the public to regard the Iraq war of 2003 as virtuous at best and unworthy of strenuous dissent at worst. The normative commitment to stop mass killing outstripped US or international capabilities—a formula for dashed hopes and dangerous deployments that lives on in the ‘responsibility to protect’.View full textDownload full textRelated var addthis_config = { ui_cobrand: "Taylor & Francis Online", services_compact: "citeulike,netvibes,twitter,technorati,delicious,linkedin,facebook,stumbleupon,digg,google,more", pubid: "ra-4dff56cd6bb1830b" }; Add to shortlist Link Permalink http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14623528.2010.522053
机译：本文追溯了1991年至2003年美国人道主义干预主义思想的兴起。直到1997年，人道主义干预才是相对有限的事情，其构思是系统性的，而不是系统的，优先考虑多边主义，旨在减轻痛苦而又不改变外来政治。由于这个原因，美国领导人和公民几乎没有考虑过对1994年卢旺达种族灭绝进行武装干预：美国“制止种族灭绝的责任”仍在制定中。它仅在1990年代后期才蓬勃发展，当时人道主义干预主义（如新保守主义）在美国机构中盛行，并热衷于敦促军事入侵重塑社会。现在卢旺达的无所作为显得令人发指。回想起来，制止种族灭绝似乎是由5,000名士兵轻松实现的，这一预测忽略了严重的障碍。总体而言，人道主义干预主义者倾向于低估制止族裔冲突的困难，忽略冲突后重建的挑战，舆论施加的折扣限制，并凌驾于多边程序之上。这些假设促使政界人士和公众将2003年的伊拉克战争充其量是善良的，而不是最不值得的激烈异议。停止大规模杀戮的规范性承诺超过了美国或国际能力，这是对破灭的希望和危险部署的一种公式，这种希望一直存在于“保护责任”中。查看全文下载全文相关的var addthis_config = {ui_cobrand：“泰勒＆弗朗西斯在线”，services_compact：“ citeulike，netvibes，twitter，technorati，美味，linkedin，facebook，stumbleupon，digg，google，更多”，发布号：“ ra-4dff56cd6bb1830b”};添加到候选列表链接永久链接http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14623528.2010.522053

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