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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of geodynamics >Invited review paper: Some outstanding issues in the study of great megathrust earthquakes-The Cascadia example
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Invited review paper: Some outstanding issues in the study of great megathrust earthquakes-The Cascadia example

机译：特邀评论文章：特大推力地震研究中的一些突出问题-卡斯卡迪亚例子

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摘要

Because of a combination of new observational tools and a flurry of large megathrust earthquakes, tremendous progress has been made in recent years towards understanding the process of great subduction earthquakes at Cascadia and other subduction zones around the world. This review article attempts to clarify some of widely used geodynamic concepts and identify the most important scientific questions for future research related to megathrust behaviour. It is important to specify how the megathrust seismogenic zone has been defined when comparing data and models. Observations and concepts currently used to define the seismogenic zone include: (A) the stability transition in rate-and-state dependent friction; (B) the slip zone of large interplate earthquakes; (C) the distribution of small-medium earthquakes; and (D) the geodetically-determined zone of fault locking. Land-based geodetic measurements indicate that the Cascadia megathrust is locked to some extent, but the degree of locking is not well constrained. The near absence of detectable interplate seismicity, with the exception of a segment near 44.5 N and near the Mendocino Triple Junction, is presently interpreted to indicate full locking along most of Cascadia. Resolving the locking state requires seafloor geodetic measurements. The slip behaviour of the shallowest segment of the megathrust and its tsunamigenic potential are complex and variable. Structural studies combined with modeling have the potential to improve our understanding of the signature left in the structure by the slip history. For several reasons, but mostly because of interseismic viscoelastic stress relaxation, the downdip limit of megathrust locking cannot be reliably constrained by geodetic data. Independent information is needed on the composition and thermal state of fault zone materials. The spatial relationship between the seismogenic zone and the zone of Episodic Tremor and Slip (ETS) remains controversial. Observations from the Nankai subduction zone and the San Andreas Fault suggest that ETS does not mark a simple spatial transition from seismic to aseismic behaviour and that multiple transitions may be present because of petrological and rheological changes with depth. Coseismic rupture in the AD 1700 Cascadia earthquake has been shown to vary along strike, and it is important to investigate whether the position of boundaries between high slip and low slip are stationary with time (and therefore probably geologically controlled) and are reflected in current interseismic locking of the megathrust. Crown Copyright (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：由于结合了新的观测工具和一系列大型特大推力地震，近年来，在了解卡斯卡迪亚和世界其他俯冲带的大俯冲地震过程中取得了巨大进步。这篇综述文章试图阐明一些广泛使用的地球动力学概念，并为与巨推力行为有关的未来研究确定最重要的科学问题。比较数据和模型时，重要的是要指定如何定义大推力发震带。当前用于定义地震发生带的观测和概念包括：（A）取决于速率和状态的摩擦的稳定性转变； （B）板间大地震的滑动带； （三）中小地震的分布； （D）由大地测量确定的断层锁定带。陆基大地测量表明，卡斯卡迪亚大推力已在一定程度上被锁定，但锁定程度并未得到很好的限制。目前认为几乎没有可检测的板间地震活动，除了一段接近44.5 N和门多西诺三结交汇处附近的片段外，目前被解释为表明沿着大部分卡斯卡迪亚已完全锁定。解决锁定状态需要海底大地测量。巨推力最浅段的滑动行为及其海啸成因潜力是复杂且变化的。结构研究与建模相结合，有可能增进我们对滑动历史记录遗留在结构中的特征的理解。由于多种原因，但主要是由于地震间的粘弹性应力松弛，大推力锁定的下倾极限不能被大地测量数据可靠地约束。需要有关断层带材料的成分和热状态的独立信息。震源区与片状震颤和滑移带（ETS）之间的空间关系仍然存在争议。从南开俯冲带和圣安德烈亚斯断层的观察表明，ETS并不标志着从地震到抗震行为的简单空间过渡，而且由于岩石和流变学随深度的变化可能会出现多个过渡。事实证明，公元1700年卡斯卡迪亚地震中的同震破裂会随着地震的发生而变化，因此调查高滑和低滑之间的边界位置是否随时间变化是静止的（因此可能是受地质控制的）并反映在当前的地震中非常重要。锁定大推力。 Crown版权所有（C）2016，由Elsevier Ltd.发行。保留所有权利。

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