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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Heat Transfer >A High Temperature Instrument for Consecutive Measurements of Thermal Conductivity, Electrical Conductivity, and Seebeck Coefficient
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A High Temperature Instrument for Consecutive Measurements of Thermal Conductivity, Electrical Conductivity, and Seebeck Coefficient

机译：连续测量热导率，电导率和塞贝克系数的高温仪器

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摘要

A device for measuring a plurality of material properties is designed to include accurate sensors configured to consecutively obtain thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient of a single sample while maintaining a vacuum or inert gas environment. Four major design factors are identified as sample-heat spreader mismatch, radiation losses, parasitic losses, and sample surface temperature variance. The design is analyzed using finite element methods for high temperature ranges up to 1000 degrees C as well as ultra-high temperatures up to 2500 degrees C. A temperature uncertainty of 0.46% was estimated for a sample with cold and hot sides at 905.1 and 908.5 degrees C, respectively. The uncertainty at 1000 degrees C was calculated to be 0.7% for a Delta T of 5 degrees C between the hot and cold sides. The thermal conductivity uncertainty was calculated to be -8.6% at similar to 900 degrees C for a case with radiative gains, and +8.2% at similar to 1000 degrees C for a case with radiative losses, indicating the sensitivity of the measurement to the temperature of the thermal guard in relation to the heat spreader and sample temperature. Lower limits of -17 and -13% error in thermal conductivity measurements were estimated at the ultra-high temperature of similar to 2500 degrees C for a single-stage and double-stage radiation shield, respectively. It is noted that this design is not limited to electro-thermal characterization and will enable measurement of ionic conductivity and surface temperatures of energy materials under realistic operating conditions in extreme temperature environments.
机译：用于测量多种材料特性的设备被设计为包括精确的传感器，该传感器被配置为在保持真空或惰性气体环境的同时连续获取单个样品的热导率，电导率和塞贝克系数。四个主要设计因素被确定为样品与散热器的不匹配，辐射损耗，寄生损耗和样品表面温度变化。使用有限元方法对高达1000摄氏度的高温以及高达2500摄氏度的超高温进行了设计分析。对于冷端和热端分别为905.1和908.5的样品，温度不确定度估计为0.46％摄氏度。对于热面和冷面之间的Delta T为5°C，在1000°C下的不确定度计算为0.7％。对于具有辐射增益的情况，在类似于900摄氏度的情况下，热导率不确定度经计算为-8.6％，对于具有辐射损耗的情况，在类似于1000摄氏度的情况下计算为+ 8.2％，表明测量对温度的敏感性散热片相对于散热器和样品温度的关系。对于单级和二级辐射屏蔽，在大约2500摄氏度的超高温下，热导率测量的误差下限分别估计为-17％和-13％。注意，该设计不限于电热特性，并且将能够在极端温度环境中的实际操作条件下测量能量材料的离子电导率和表面温度。

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