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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of hydro-environment research >Field and modelling studies of Escherichia coli loads in tropical streams of montane agro-ecosystems
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Field and modelling studies of Escherichia coli loads in tropical streams of montane agro-ecosystems

机译：山地农业生态系统热带流中大肠埃希氏菌负荷的田间和模型研究

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The extent of faecal contamination in soils and water is still poorly known in rural tropical areas despite its important consequences on both human health and the economy. Here we explore the sources, pathways, and spatio-temporal dynamic of contamination in rivers of a rural tropical area at different spatial and temporal scales. Concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli), a faecal indicator bacteria (FIB), were measured in the Nam Khan river, tributary of the Mekong river (North Lao PDR). Measurements were made from the headwaters to the main stream under contrasted hydrological conditions (i.e. during base flow and stormflow) and during the wet and dry seasons in 2011. The results show that E. coli contamination is controlled by both land use (i.e. stock of bacteria brought to the soil surface by the faeces of human and livestock) and hydrology (i.e. contribution of overland flow to the river discharge). Direct point-source contamination is of minor importance in this rural watershed, however, during high discharge the concentration of FIB frequently exceeds 5000 MPN 100 mL(-1). The E. coli module of the Seneque/Riverstrahler model was adapted to the context of the Nam Khan river, validated with field observations and used to analyse future scenarios of faecal contamination (changing demographic trends and improvements in wastewater management). We found that the risk of worsening FIB contamination was more related to the predicted future rural exodus and to wastewater management practices rather than to an increase in demographic pressure in these upland systems. (C) 2015 International Association for Hydro-environment Engineering and Research, Asia Pacific Division. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：尽管对人类健康和经济都有重要影响，但在农村热带地区，土壤和水中粪便污染的程度仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们探讨了农村热带地区河流在不同时空尺度上的污染源，途径和时空动态。在湄公河支流南汗河（北老挝人民民主共和国）中测量了粪便指示菌（FIB）大肠杆菌（E. coli）的浓度。在相反的水文条件下（即基准流量和暴雨流量）以及2011年的干湿季节，从源头到干流进行了测量。结果表明，大肠杆菌的污染受土地的两种使用方式控制（即人类和牲畜的粪便带入土壤表面的细菌）和水文学（即陆上径流对河流排放的贡献）。在这个农村流域，直接点源污染的重要性不大，但是，在高流量排放期间，FIB的浓度经常超过5000 MPN 100 mL（-1）。 Seneque / Riverstrahler模型的大肠杆菌模块适用于Nam Khan河的环境，并通过现场观察进行了验证，并用于分析未来粪便污染的情况（改变人口趋势和改善废水管理）。我们发现，FIB污染加剧的风险与预测的未来农村人口外流和废水管理做法更多有关，而不是与这些旱地系统中人口压力的增加有关。 （C）2015年国际水环境工程与研究协会亚太分会。由Elsevier B.V.发布。保留所有权利。

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