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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Insect Conservation >Impact of grazing management on hibernating caterpillars of the butterfly Melitaea cinxia in calcareous grasslands
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Impact of grazing management on hibernating caterpillars of the butterfly Melitaea cinxia in calcareous grasslands

机译：放牧管理对钙质草原蝴蝶梅Mel冬眠毛虫的影响

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Semi-natural grasslands are increasingly grazed by large herbivores for nature conservation purposes. For many insects such grazing is essential for the conservation of their habitat, but at the same time, populations decrease at high grazing intensity. We hypothesised that grazing management may cause increased butterfly mortality, especially for life-stages with low mobility, such as hibernating caterpillars. To test this, we measured the effect of sheep grazing on overwinter larval survival. We used the Glanville fritillary (Melitaea cinxia), which has gregarious caterpillars hibernating in silk nests, as a model species. Caterpillar nests were monitored throughout the hibernating period in calcareous grassland reserves with low and high intensity sheep grazing and in an ungrazed control treatment. After grazing, 64 % of the nests at the high intensity grazing treatment were damaged or missing, compared to 8 and 12 % at the ungrazed and low intensity grazing treatment, respectively. Nest volume and caterpillar survival were 50 % lower at the high intensity grazing treatment compared to both ungrazed and low intensity grazing treatments. Nest damage and increased mortality were mainly caused by incidental ingestion of the caterpillars by the sheep. It is likely that grazing similarly affects other invertebrates, depending on their location within the vegetation and their ability to actively avoid herbivores. This implies that the impact of grazing strongly depends on the timing of this management in relation to the phenology of the species. A greater focus on immature and inactive life-stages in conservation policy in general and particularly in action plans for endangered species is required to effectively preserve invertebrate diversity.
机译：为了自然保护的目的，半天然草原上的大型食草动物越来越吃草。对于许多昆虫而言，这种放牧对于保护其栖息地至关重要，但同时，放牧强度高时种群减少。我们假设放牧管理可能导致蝴蝶死亡率增加，特别是对于行动不便的生命阶段，例如冬虫毛虫。为了测试这一点，我们测量了放牧绵羊对越冬幼虫存活的影响。我们使用格兰维尔贝母（Melitaea cinxia）作为模型物种，该物种具有在丝巢中冬眠的群居毛毛虫。整个冬眠期间，在钙肥性草原保护区（低强度和高强度绵羊放牧）和无毛的对照处理中，对毛虫巢进行监测。放牧后，高强度放牧处理中有64％的巢被破坏或缺失，相比之下，未放牧和低强度放牧处理中的分别为8％和12％。与未磨擦和低强度放牧处理相比，高强度放牧处理的巢体积和毛虫存活率降低了50％。巢的损害和死亡率的增加主要是由绵羊偶然摄入毛毛虫引起的。放牧有可能同样影响其他无脊椎动物，这取决于它们在植被中的位置以及它们主动避免食草动物的能力。这意味着放牧的影响在很大程度上取决于与物种物候有关的这种管理时间。一般而言，在保护政策中，尤其是在濒危物种的行动计划中，应更加关注未成熟和不活跃的生命阶段，以有效地保护无脊椎动物的多样性。

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