The role of regulation in constituting markets: a co-evolutionary perspective on the UK television production sector

Lourenco Ana; Turner Simon

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The role of regulation in constituting markets: a co-evolutionary perspective on the UK television production sector

机译：监管在构成市场的作用：英国电视生产业的共同进化视角

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This article builds on a legal institutionalist approach to assess market-based regulatory change in British television production over the last three decades. It explores how formal rules governing television production constitute market relations, and whether these rules are likely to be evaded by television producers and commissioners in a context where contracting depends heavily on social norms of cooperation, reciprocity and flexibility. Using qualitative data, this article suggests that changes in law and terms of trade intended to promote a market in television production have not had a straightforward or linear effect: compulsory independent production quotas and licensing models of terms of trade have redrawn organizational boundaries in unexpected ways, disturbed the public service remit and engendered new financial flows. Formal rules were nonetheless central to the trajectory of the television production industry, as they were a constitutive element of changes in the power structure of the sector towards producers' interests.

机译：本文建立了一个法律制度主义方法，以评估过去三十年英国电视生产的基于市场的监管变革。它探讨了管理电视生产的正规规则如何构成市场关系，以及电视生产者和委员会在缔约国划分的情况下，这些规则是否可能被裁定依赖于合作，互惠和灵活性的社会规范。本文使用定性数据，旨在促进电视生产中促进市场的法律和贸易条件的变化没有直截了当或线性效应：贸易型号的强制性独立生产配额和许可模式以意外的方式重新绘制了组织界限，扰乱公共服务汇款和提升新的金融流动。尽管如此，正式规则是电视生产行业的轨迹的核心，因为它们是该部门对生产者利益的权力结构变动的构成要素。

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来源
《Journal of institutional economics》 |2019年第4期|615-630|共16页
作者
Lourenco Ana; Turner Simon;
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作者单位

Univ Catolica Portuguesa Catolica Porto Business Sch Porto Portugal|CEGE Porto Portugal;

Univ Manchester Fac Biol Med & Hlth Ctr Primary Care Sch Hlth Sci Div Populat Hlth Hlth Serv Res & Primary Care Manchester Lancs England;

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原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类
关键词
legal institutionalism; BBC; public service broadcasting; systems theory; television production;

机译：法律制度主义;BBC;公共服务广播;系统理论;电视制作;

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1. The role of regulation in constituting markets: a co-evolutionary perspective on the UK television production sector [J] . Lourenco Ana, Turner Simon Journal of institutional economics . 2019,第4期

机译：监管在构成市场中的作用：英国电视生产部门的共同进化观
2. Tv format sector consolidation and its impact on the configuration and ‘stickiness’ of the UK entertainment production market [J] . Esser Andrea International journal of digitial television . 2017,第1期

机译：电视格式行业合并及其对英国娱乐产品市场配置和“粘性”的影响
3. Foreign market entry as network entry: A relational-structuration perspective on internationalization in television content production [J] . Joerg Sydow, Arnold Windeler, Carsten Wirth, Scandinavian journal of management . 2010,第1期

机译：外国市场进入作为网络进入：电视内容制作国际化的关系结构视角
4. FACTORING STRATEGIC AND SUSTAINABILITY CONSIDERATIONS INTO ENERGY SECTOR REGULATION: A CASE STUDY OF DEVELOPMENTS IN THE UK OFFICE OF GAS AND ELECTRICITY MARKETS (OFGEM) [C] . Michael Grubb, Jenny Mills IAEE international conference;International Association for Energy Economics . 2014

机译：在能源部门监管中考虑战略和可持续性考虑因素：以英国天然气和电力市场办公室（OFGEM）的发展为例
5. Capitalizing China's media industry: The installation of capitalist production in the Chinese TV and film sectors. [D] . Zhou, Yuanzhi. 2007

机译：资本化中国的媒体产业：在中国电视和电影业安装资本主义生产。
6. Conditioned to eat while watching television? Low-income caregivers’ perspectives on the role of snacking and television viewing among pre-schoolers [O] . Rachel E Blaine, Jennifer Orlet Fisher, Christine E Blake, -1

机译：看电视时有条件吃饭？低收入看护者对学龄前儿童零食和看电视的作用的看法
7. La banalisation du luxe (Democratization of luxury) Abstract : La plupart des achats pratiqués sont effectués par des clients occasionnels, ce qui a conduit les entreprises à s’adapter par une nouvelle stratégie. En effet, suite à l’intensification de la concurrence et à la concentration du secteur qui engendrent une contrainte de rentabilité immédiate, mais aussi en raison des impératifs nouveaux du marché, les maisons de luxe se voient obligées d’élargir leur offre afin d’ajouter à une clientèle dite traditionnelle une clientèle plus vaste. Dès lors, le secteur du luxe est progressivement passé d’une logique d’offre où seul un nombre restreint de personnes était ciblé, à une politique d’offre où des professionnels du marketing étudient la demande du marché afin d’orienter la production des biens vers un marché de masse. La banalisation est une problématique capitale et décisive car les maisons de luxe doivent préserver leur image de marque tout en élargissant leur clientèle : elles s’efforcent de créer et de pérenniser leurs marques, sans jamais oublier qu’une marque ne peut pas s’associer à n’importe quel objet, sous peine de menacer l’ensemble de ses représentations. Par conséquent, chaque nouveau produit présente un risque pour la gamme toute entière, d’où le risque d’une erreur stratégique par le choix de la banalisation. Le danger est de voir la clientèle aisée se tourner vers d’autres grands noms pratiquant toujours cet esprit d’élitisme qui caractérise le « luxe ». The luxury market is no longer reserved for an elite as its evolution over the last fifteen years clearly indicates. Luxury goods companies have been forced to adapt and resort to new strategies to take into account the fact that most purchases are now made by occasional clients. The keen competition and the on-going concentration in that sector – with the resulting short term profitability constraints - together with the new market conditions, have forced luxury goods companies to broaden their offer so as to add new customers to their traditional base. As a consequence, the luxury market has progressively moved away from an offer-driven logic – targeting a small number of people – in favor of an offer-based policy with marketing professionals studying market demand so as to direct the production of goods towards mass production. The democratization of luxury constitutes a major challenge for those companies which must preserve their image while broadening their customer base: they now strive to create and perpetuate their brand image, without ever forgetting that a brand cannot be associated to just any object, as this might constitute a threat to all its brand representations. Thus every new product constitutes a real threat to the whole range and there is a risk of making a strategic mistake by appealing to the mass market; and there is also a clear danger of seeing affluent customers turn to other great names that still foster this ‘elite spirit’ that characterizes « luxury ». [O] . Eric Vernier, Pierre Ghewy 100

机译：奢侈品的平庸化（奢侈品民主化）摘要：大多数购买都是由休闲客户制作的，这导致公司采用新战略。事实上，随着竞争的加剧和行业的集中导致了盈利的直接制约，而且由于市场的新要求，奢侈品公司被迫扩大其报价以便为所谓的传统客户增加一个更大的客户群。从那时起，奢侈品行业逐渐从以供应为导向的方式转变为只有少数人被定为供应方政策，营销人员正在研究市场需求以指导产品生产。货物进入大众市场。平庸化是一个至关重要且决定性的问题，因为豪宅必须保持其品牌形象，同时扩大其客户群：他们努力创造和延续其品牌，永远不要忘记一个品牌无法联想到在任何威胁他所有陈述的痛苦之下。因此，每个新产品都会带来整个色域的风险，因此通过选择平凡化就会产生战略错误的风险。危险的是看到富有的顾客转向其他仍在实践“豪华”特征的精英主义精神。奢侈品市场不会超过过去15年。奢侈品公司被迫采用新策略来充分利用其客户。由于市场领先的条件，激烈的竞争和该行业的持续集中迫使他们扩大了市场基础。因此，奢侈品市场已经从针对少数人的以报价驱动的逻辑向前发展 - 转而采用基于报价的政策与营销专业人士。对于那些必须在扩大客户群的同时保持形象的公司来说，奢侈品的民主化是一项重大挑战。对其所有品牌代表构成威胁。因此，每一种新产品都会对市场构成威胁，并且有可能通过吸引大众市场来制造战略错误;看到人们涌向那种“奢侈”的精神精神，也存在明显的危险。
8. United Kingdom: Retail Food Sector. UK Retail Market Brief, 2008. GAIN Report Number UK8021 [R] . Vasquez-Nicholson, J. 2008

机译：英国：零售食品部门。英国零售市场简报，2008年.GaIN报告编号UK8021

The role of regulation in constituting markets: a co-evolutionary perspective on the UK television production sector

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