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Latin America: Public transport and sustainable development

机译：拉丁美洲：公共交通与可持续发展

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摘要

Latin America is a region of great contrasts, in both social and economic terms. While some regions of the continent have already achieved a degree of social organisation and economic development comparable to certain parts of Europe, most Latin Americans still live in precarious conditions. This disparity in the level of development has an influence on how society, companies, authorities and operators view environmental issues. Countries with the highest level of industrialisation, human development and awareness, such as Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Argentina and Uruguay, have better-developed environmental legislation. It was only in the mid-1980s that environmental issues began to be discussed in greater depth in most Latin American countries. At the time, we were witnessing an increase in environmental problems caused by the concentration of people in large cities, such as the issue of access to water and transport. On the other hand, there was also a greater focus on the consequences of environmental damage caused by various economic activities such as agriculture (monoculture devoted to exports) and industrial activity. Urban transport accounts for a significant portion of global emissions of air-polluting agents. Latin America is responsible for less than 15% of global emissions and the transport sector accounts for 70% of carbon monoxide emissions in the majority of cities in the region.
机译：从社会和经济角度看，拉丁美洲是一个截然不同的地区。虽然非洲大陆的某些地区已经达到了与欧洲某些地区相当的社会组织和经济发展水平，但大多数拉丁美洲人仍然生活在不稳定的状况中。发展水平的差异影响着社会，公司，当局和运营商如何看待环境问题。工业化，人类发展和意识水平最高的国家，例如墨西哥，巴西，智利，阿根廷和乌拉圭，都有完善的环境立法。直到1980年代中期，大多数拉丁美洲国家才开始对环境问题进行更深入的讨论。当时，我们目睹了由于人口集中在大城市而引起的环境问题的增加，例如水和交通的问题。另一方面，人们也更加关注各种经济活动，如农业（致力于出口的单一文化）和工业活动对环境造成的后果。城市交通占全球空气污染物排放的很大一部分。在该地区大多数城市中，拉丁美洲的排放量不足全球的15％，运输部门的一氧化碳排放量占70％。

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