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首页> 外文期刊>Journal for maritime research >Privateering as a language of international politics: English and French privateering against the Dutch Republic, 1655-1665
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Privateering as a language of international politics: English and French privateering against the Dutch Republic, 1655-1665

机译：私有化作为国际政治语言：1655-1665年反对荷兰共和国的英语和法语私有化

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摘要

In the period 1655-1665, between the First and Second Anglo-Dutch Wars, French and English privateers with Swedish and Portuguese commissions preyed on the shipping of the Dutch Republic. In this article, it is proposed that this activity was employed by the English and French governments as a language of international politics. In their toleration and, on occasion, defence of the use of foreign letters of marque by their subjects against a nominally neutral state, Mazarin, Cromwell, Louis XIV and Charles II deliberately and flagrantly violated the conventions of international law or religion. Their purpose was to make clear to the States General and Grand Pensionary John de Witt their discontent with Dutch policy, diplomacy or trading practices. Temporary or permanent bans on the practice served to communicate a message of benevolence and friendship, or were aimed at creating detente. These signals, however, were generally misunderstood by the receiving party. Employing as their frame of reference for interpreting these messages their own republican traditions, their decentralised governmental structure and Grotius's writings on international maritime law, the Dutch authorities perceived English and French attitudes towards privateering with foreign commissions as symptomatic of monarchical arbitrariness and/or mercantilist jealousy. It was the absence of international consensus regarding the legal boundaries of privateering that encouraged its use as a language of international politics; at the same time, however, it also contributed to fundamental misunderstandings between the parties.
机译：在1655年至1665年间，在第一次和第二次英荷战争之间，有瑞典和葡萄牙佣金的法国人和英国人掠夺了荷兰共和国的航运。在本文中，建议该活动被英法两国政府用作国际政治语言。 Mazarin，Cromwell，Louis XIV和Charles II故意容忍并公然捍卫自己的臣民对名义上中立的国家使用外国商标，这是故意和公然违反了国际法或宗教公约。他们的目的是向美国国务卿和大退休金约翰·德威特明确表示他们对荷兰的政策，外交或贸易惯例不满。暂时或永久禁止这种做法有助于传达仁慈和友谊的信息，或旨在制造缓和手段。但是，接收方通常会误解这些信号。荷兰当局以其解释共和党传统，权力下放的政府结构以及格罗蒂乌斯关于国际海事法的著作作为参考这些信息的框架，认为荷兰和英国对外国委员会私有化的态度是君主专制和/或重商主义嫉妒的征兆。 。正是由于缺乏关于私有化的法律界限的国际共识，才促使人们将其用作国际政治语言。然而，与此同时，这也加剧了当事方之间的根本误会。

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