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COURAGE: A MODERN LOOK AT AN ANCIENT VIRTUE

机译:勇气:古代美德的现代外观

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The purpose of this article is twofold: to demystify the ancient concept of courage, making it more palpable for the modern reader, and to suggest the reasonably specific constraints that would restrict the contemporary tendency of indiscriminate attribution of this virtue. The discussion of courage will incorporate both the classical interpretations of this trait of character, and the empirical studies into the complex relation between the emotion of fear and behavior. The Aristotelian thesis that courage consists in overcoming the fear of significant harm for a worthy cause will be further developed by exploring its relevance for military professionals today. Specific criteria will be offered in order to restrict the application of the term 'courageous' to a certain type of action, as well as to demarcate this virtue from the related vices, such as recklessness. The normative aspect of our study aims to make sense of what could qualify as a worthy goal of a fearless action in the modern world. It will be argued that a courageous agent aims at alleviating or preventing harm for others in a situation of potential risk for the agent himself, while respecting the factual conditions that determine the probability of success.
机译:本文的目的是双重的:揭开古老的勇气概念的神秘面纱,使其对现代读者更加明显,并提出合理的特定约束条件,这些约束条件将限制当代人对这种美德进行不加区别地归因的趋势。勇气的讨论将把对这种性格特征的经典解释和对实证研究的研究结合到恐惧情绪和行为之间的复杂关系中。亚里士多德关于勇气在于克服对有价值的事业造成重大伤害的恐惧的论点将通过探索其对当今军事专业人员的意义而得到进一步发展。将提供特定的标准,以将“勇敢”一词的使用限制为某种类型的动作,并从相关的恶习(例如鲁ck)中划定这种美德。我们研究的规范性方面旨在弄清在现代世界中什么可以作为无所畏惧行动的有价值目标。可以说,勇敢的行为人旨在减轻或防止对行为人本人具有潜在风险的情况下对他人的伤害,同时尊重决定成功可能性的事实条件。

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