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ETHICALLY INSOLUBLE DILEMMAS IN WAR

机译：战争中道德上难以解决的困境

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摘要

Soldiers encounter extremely difficult ethical dilemmas during wars, as they must make decisions about how to follow the laws of war and their rules of engagement while still protecting themselves and accomplishing their missions. Scholarship on just war theory and military ethics generally describe soldiers' dilemmas as being ethical challenges that soldiers can overcome by using the correct ethical reasoning process. However, this essay argues that some of the apparent ethical dilemmas that soldiers confront are actually ethically insoluble dilemmas that cannot be solved using ethical reasoning processes. Dilemmas are ethically insoluble when soldiers do not have sufficient knowledge of a situation or control over it to apply an ethical decision procedure. In these situations soldiers must guess at the right course of action and leave the outcome to luck.
机译：士兵们在战争中会遇到极其困难的道德困境，因为他们必须就如何遵守战争法和交战规则做出决定，同时还要保护自己和完成任务。关于战争理论和军事道德的奖学金通常将士兵的困境描述为道德挑战，通过使用正确的道德推理过程，士兵可以克服这些难题。但是，本文认为，士兵面临的一些明显的道德困境实际上是道德上不可解决的难题，无法使用道德推理过程解决。当士兵没有足够的情况了解或无法控制局势以应用道德决策程序时，两难困境在道德上是无法解决的。在这种情况下，士兵必须猜测正确的行动方案，并将结果留给运气。

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