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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of oceanography >Spatial structures of hydrothermal vents and vent-associated megafauna in the back-arc basin system of the Okinawa Trough, western Pacific
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Spatial structures of hydrothermal vents and vent-associated megafauna in the back-arc basin system of the Okinawa Trough, western Pacific

机译：西太平洋冲绳海槽弧后盆地系统中热液喷口和与喷口相关的大型动物的空间结构

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摘要

Spatial patterns and morphology of hydrothermal vents and the occurrence of vent-associated megafauna were investigated in the back-arc basin system of the Okinawa Trough, western Pacific. Amongst hydrothermal vent fields located on the rising slopes to the NE and S of the basin, the Iheya North area has been subjected to a series of intensive diving surveys. Hydrothermal vents demonstrated concentrated patterns of distribution on different spatial scales. In Iheya North, the majority of vents occurred in lines parallel to the NE to W/SW alignment of the spreading axis, within a radius of ca. 200 m around the most active sulphide structure with the highest recorded fluid temperature of over 300℃. The morphology of hydrothermal vents varied greatly from an incipient flat rock with crevices to a 20- to 30-m-tall, multi-flanged structure with concomitant variation in the distribution and abundance of vent-associated megafauna, particularly a galatheid Shinkaia crosnieri and Bathymodiolus mussels. Comparison of active and inactive vents revealed that the spatial extent of Shinkaia 'aggregation' (a group of individuals with short nearest-neighbour distances) effectively defined a habitat unit of this species, and active hydro-thermal chimneys contained more of these units, leading to greater spatial occupancy by Shinkaia. Given the temporally unstable nature of vent structures as recognised by repeated surveys, vent assemblages are thought to be closely dictated by the spatio-temporal dynamics of vents in the Okinawa Trough back-arc system.
机译：在西太平洋冲绳海槽的弧后盆地系统中，研究了热液喷口的空间模式和形态以及与喷口有关的大型动物的发生。在位于盆地东北和南部上升斜坡上的热液喷口领域中，Iheya North地区已经进行了一系列密集的潜水调查。热液喷口表现出在不同空间尺度上的集中分布模式。在Iheya North，大多数通风孔都发生在平行于NE到W / SW扩散轴对齐的直线上，半径大约为1。最活跃的硫化物结构周围200 m，记录的最高流体温度超过300℃。热液喷口的形态变化很大，从带有裂缝的初始平坦岩石到高20至30 m的多翼结构，与喷口相关的大型动物，尤其是盖拉西德氏新角鳄和梭菌的分布和丰度都随之变化。青口贝。比较活动通风口和非活动通风口发现，Shinkaia“聚集”的空间范围（一组近邻距离较短的个体）有效地定义了该物种的栖息地单元，而活动的热液烟囱包含了更多的此类单元，导致扩大Shinkaia的空间占用率。考虑到反复调查发现的通风口结构在时间上的不稳定特性，认为冲绳组合是由冲绳海槽背弧系统中通风口的时空动态决定的。

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