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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Oleo Science >The Role of Genomics and Biotechnology in Achieving Global Food Security for High-Oleic Vegetable Oil
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The Role of Genomics and Biotechnology in Achieving Global Food Security for High-Oleic Vegetable Oil

机译：基因组学和生物技术在实现高油性植物油全球粮食安全中的作用

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Health related concerns for dietary 'trans-fat' in the U.S. have mediated a significant decline in the use of hydrogenated vegetable oils in edible applications. Oils having a natural abundance of oleic acid provide many functional properties that are derived from partial hydrogenation of polyunsaturated oils. However, the long term agronomic production capacity of existing high-oleic oil crops to replace hydrogenated oil ingredients is not sustainable. Although improvements are expected in processing technology, genetic modification of seed composition offers the most promising tactic to increase the overall supply of high-oleic commodity oils. Genetic enhancement of oleic acid concentration has been demonstrated experimentally in nearly every oilseed. Private companies have launched production of genetically enhanced oleic acid cultivars such as: Nexera™ Omega-9 canola and Omega-9 sunflower oils. The E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company plans commercial production of Plenish™ high-oleic soybeans in 2012. The Monsanto Co. plans commercial production of Vistive-Gold™ low-saturated high-oleic soybeans possibly as early as 2013. These 'new' high-oleic oilseeds must not only exhibit superior oil quality but also sequentially improved yield potential. Genetic maps that help breeders identify, locate and track useful genes will facilitate accomplishment of that goal. However, a reference sequence map in soybean is the only available chromosome scale assembly of an oilseed genome. Knowledge of genome structure enables technological advances that help increase soybean yielding ability, improve crop protection against biotic stresses, and reveal alleles for genes that mediate expression of quality traits. Led by soybean, genetically enhanced high-oleic vegetable oils that now are becoming commercially available may capture greater than 40% of the domestic consumption of vegetable oil in the U.S. by 2020. This innovation in oilseed technology is a positive step toward ensuring global food security for high-oleic vegetable oils.
机译：在美国，与饮食有关的“反式脂肪”与健康有关的问题已导致可食用的氢化植物油使用量显着下降。具有自然丰富的油酸的油提供了许多功能特性，这些特性源自多不饱和油的部分氢化。然而，现有的高油性油料作物替代氢化油成分的长期农业生产能力是不可持续的。尽管加工技术有望得到改善，但种子组成的基因改造为增加高油酸商品油的总体供应量提供了最有希望的策略。几乎每种油料种子都已通过实验证明了油酸浓度的遗传增强作用。私营公司已经开始生产遗传改良油酸品种，例如：Nexera™Omega-9双低油菜籽油和Omega-9葵花油。 EI du Pont de Nemours公司计划在2012年商业化生产Plenish™高油酸大豆。孟山都公司计划最早在2013年商业化生产Vistive-Gold™低饱和高油酸大豆。这些“新产品”高油酸种子不仅必须表现出优异的油质，而且还必须依次提高产量潜力。帮助育种者识别，定位和追踪有用基因的遗传图谱将有助于实现该目标。但是，大豆中的参考序列图是油料基因组唯一可用的染色体规模装配。对基因组结构的了解有助于技术进步，有助于提高大豆的产量，改善作物对生物胁迫的保护作用，并揭示介导品质性状表达的基因的等位基因。到2020年，以大豆为主导的转基因高油酸植物油现已开始在市场上出售，可占美国国内植物油消费量的40％以上。这种油料技术的创新是朝着确保全球粮食安全迈出的积极一步用于高油酸植物油。

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