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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Physical Oceanography >Wind-Wave Effects on Estuarine Turbulence: A Comparison of Observations and Second-Moment Closure Predictions
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Wind-Wave Effects on Estuarine Turbulence: A Comparison of Observations and Second-Moment Closure Predictions

机译：风浪对河口湍流的影响：观测值与第二时刻闭合预报的比较

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Observations of turbulent kinetic energy, dissipation, and turbulent stress were collected in the middle reaches of Chesapeake Bay and were used to assess second-moment closure predictions of turbulence generated beneath breaking waves. Dissipation scaling indicates that the turbulent flow structure observed during a 10-day wind event was dominated by a three-layer response that consisted of 1) a wave transport layer, 2) a surface log layer, and 3) a tidal, bottom boundary layer limited by stable stratification. Below the wave transport layer, turbulent mixing was limited by stable stratification. Within the wave transport layer, where dissipation was balanced by a divergence in the vertical turbulent kinetic energy flux, the eddy viscosity was significantly underestimated by second-moment turbulence closure models, suggesting that breaking waves homogenized the mixed surface layer to a greater extent than the simple model of TKE diffusing away from a source at the surface. While the turbulent transport of TKE occurred largely downgradient, the intermittent downward sweeps of momentumgenerated by breaking waves occurred largely independent of the mean shear. The underprediction of stress in the wave transport layer by second-moment closures was likely due to the inability of the eddy viscosity model to capture the nonlocal turbulent transport of the momentum flux beneath breaking waves. Finally, the authors hypothesize that large-scale coherent turbulent eddies played a significant role in transporting momentum generated near the surface to depth.
机译：在切萨皮克湾的中部收集了湍动能，耗散和湍流应力的观测值，这些观测值被用于评估破碎波下产生的湍流的第二矩闭合预测。耗散标度表明，在为期10天的风事件中观察到的湍流结构主要由三层响应控制，该三层响应包括1）波浪传输层，2）表面测井层和3）潮汐底部边界层受稳定分层的限制。在波浪传输层之下，湍流混合受到稳定分层的限制。在波传输层中，通过垂直湍动能通量的发散来平衡耗散，而第二矩湍流闭合模型显着低估了涡流粘度，这表明碎波使混合表面层的均质化程度大于TKE的一个简单模型，它从表面的源扩散而出。尽管TKE的湍流传输主要是下降的，但由破碎波产生的动量的间歇性向下扫掠在很大程度上与平均剪切无关。由于瞬间粘性模型无法捕获破碎波下方动量通量的非局部湍流传输，因此第二时刻闭合可能会导致波传输层中应力的预测不足。最后，作者假设大规模相干湍流涡旋在将地表附近产生的动量传递到深度方面起着重要作用。

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