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Advection of the Salt Wedge and Evolution of the Internal Flow Structure in the Rotterdam Waterway

机译：鹿特丹水道的盐楔平流与内流结构演变

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An analysis of field measurements recorded over a tidal cycle in the Rotterdam Waterway is presented. These measurements are the first to elucidate the processes influencing the along-channel current structure and the excursion of the salt wedge in this estuary. The salt wedge structure remained stable throughout the measuring period. The velocity measurements indicate decoupling effects between the layers and that bed-generated turbulence is confined below the pycnocline. The barotropic M_4 overtide structure is imposed at the mouth of the estuary, and the generation of M_4 overtides within the estuary is found to be relatively small. Internal tidal asymmetry does not make a significant contribution to the M_4 velocity frequency band. Instead, the combination of barotropic and baroclinic forcing, in conjunction with the suppression of turbulence at the interface, provides the main explanation for the time dependence and mean structure of the flow in the Rotterdam Waterway. This gives rise to the observed differences in the length of the flood and ebb, in the magnitudes of the flood and ebb velocities, in the length of the slack water periods, and in the timing of the onset of slack water at the surface and near the bed. It results in the formation of distinct exchange flow profiles at the head of the salt wedge around slack water and the creation of maximal velocities at the pycnocline during flood. Advection governs the displacement and structure of the salt wedge since turbulent mixing is suppressed. The tidal displacement of the salt wedge controls the height of the pycnocline above the bed at a particular site. Hence, it controls the height to which bed-generated turbulence can protrude into the water column. Consequently, the authors find asymmetries in the structure of the internal flow, turbulent mixing, and bed stresses that are not related to classical internal tidal asymmetry.
机译：介绍了在鹿特丹水道的一个潮汐周期中记录的现场测量结果的分析。这些测量结果首次阐明了在该河口中影响沿通道电流结构和盐楔偏移的过程。在整个测量期间，盐楔结构保持稳定。速度测量结果表明各层之间的解耦作用，并且床层产生的湍流被限制在比可可林以下。在河口处施加正压的M_4潮汐结构，并且发现在河口内M_4潮汐的生成相对较小。内部潮汐不对称对M_4速度频段没有显着贡献。取而代之的是，正压和斜压强迫的结合，以及对界面湍流的抑制，提供了对鹿特丹水道中水流的时间依赖性和平均结构的主要解释。这引起了所观察到的洪水和退潮时间长度，洪水和退潮速度的大小，松弛水周期的长度以及在地面和附近出现松弛水的时间的差异。床它导致在松散水周围的盐楔顶部形成明显的交换流量剖面，并在洪水期间在比浓可控线处产生最大速度。对流控制盐楔的位移和结构，因为抑制了湍流混合。盐楔的潮汐位移控制着比索在床上方特定位置的高度。因此，它控制了床层湍流可以伸入水柱的高度。因此，作者发现内部流的结构不对称，湍流混合和床应力与经典的内部潮汐不对称无关。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Physical Oceanography》 |2011年第1期|p.3-27|共25页
  • 作者

    Michel A. J. de Nijs; Julie D. Pietrzak; JOHAN C. WINTERWERP;

  • 作者单位

    Delft Uni-versity of Technology, Environmental Fluid Mechanics Section,P.O. Box 5048, Stevinweg 1, 2600 GA, Delft, Netherlands;

    rnEnvironmental Fluid Mechanics Section, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands;

    rnEnvironmental Fluid Mechanics Section, Delft University of Technology, and Deltares, Delft, Netherlands;

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