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The Effects of the Internal Flow Structure on SPM Entrapment in the Rotterdam Waterway

机译：内流结构对鹿特丹水道SPM截留的影响

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摘要

Field measurements are presented, which are the first to quantify the processes influencing the entrapment of suspended particulate matter (SPM) at the limit of saltwater intrusion in the Rotterdam Waterway. The estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) is shown to be maintained by the trapping of fluvial SPM at the head of the salt wedge. The trapping process is associated with the raining out of fluvial SPM from the upper, fresher part of the water column, into the layer below the pycnocline. The dominant mechanisms responsible are baroclinic shear flows and the abrupt change in turbulent mixing characteristics due to damping of turbulence at the pycnocline. This view contrasts with the assumption of landward transport of marine SPM by asymmetries in bed stress. The SPM transport capacity of the tidal flow is not fully utilized in the ETM, and the ETM is independent of a bed-based supply of mud. This is explained by regular exchange of part of the ETM with harbor basins, which act as efficient sinks, and that the Rotterdam Waterway is not a complete fluvial SPM trap. The supply of SPM by the freshwater discharge ensures that the ETM is maintained over time. Hence, the ETM is an advective phenomenon. Relative motion between SPM and saltwater occurs because of lags introduced by resuspension. Moreover, SPM that lags behind the salt wedge after high water slack (HWS) is eventually recollected at the head. Hence, SPM follows complex transport pathways and the mechanisms involved in trapping and transport of SPM are inherently three-dimensional.
机译：提出了现场测量方法，这是第一个量化在鹿特丹水道咸水入侵极限时影响悬浮颗粒物（SPM）截留的过程的方法。通过在盐楔顶部捕获河流SPM可以保持河口最大浊度（ETM）。捕集过程与从水柱上部较新鲜的部分河流SPM降雨到比考克林以下的层有关。造成这种现象的主要机制是斜压剪切流和由于湍流对湍流的阻尼所引起的湍流混合特性的突变。该观点与通过床应力的不对称性向海洋SPM陆上运输的假设形成了对比。 ETM中没有充分利用潮汐流的SPM输送能力，并且ETM独立于基于河床的泥浆供应。定期将ETM的一部分与用作有效水槽的港池进行交换可以解释这一点，并且鹿特丹水路不是一个完整的河流SPM疏水阀。淡水排放所提供的SPM可确保ETM随时间推移而得以维持。因此，ETM是对流现象。 SPM和盐水之间的相对运动是由于重悬而导致的滞后。此外，在高水位松弛（HWS）之后最终在顶部收集了滞后于盐楔的SPM。因此，SPM遵循复杂的运输途径，SPM的捕获和运输所涉及的机制本质上是三维的。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Physical Oceanography》 |2010年第11期|p.2357-2380|共24页
  • 作者

    Michel A. J. de Nijs; Johan C. Winterwerp; Julie D. Pietrzak;

  • 作者单位

    Environmental Fluid Mechanics Section, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands,P.O. Box 5048, Stevinweg 1, 2600 GA, Delft, Netherlands;

    rnEnvironmental Fluid Mechanics Section, Delft University of Technology, and Deltares, Delft, Netherlands;

    rnEnvironmental Fluid Mechanics Section, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands;

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