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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Physical Oceanography >The Antarctic Circumpolar Current in Equilibrium
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The Antarctic Circumpolar Current in Equilibrium

机译：平衡中的南极绕极电流

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摘要

A simple channel-flow model is used to examine the equilibrium upper-ocean dynamics and thermodynamics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). The model consists of two zonally averaged, variable-temperature layers—a surface boundary layer and a thermocline layer—separated by a turbulent interface. Weak air-sea heat flux, determined by relaxation to a prescribed atmospheric temperature, determines the leading-order temperature structure in the oceanic surface layer. The equilibrium thermal structure in the interior is mostly determined by a dominant balance between the meridional transport due to the wind-driven Eulerian mean circulation and the heat flux due to the baroclinic eddies. The resulting latitudinal temperature gradient depends on both the wind and the atmospheric temperature forcing and sustains the geostrophic zonal flow. Consideration of the next-order balance for the oceanic surface temperature results in an air-sea heat flux proportional to the magnitude of the residual flow. The residual meridional circulation (Eulerian mean plus eddy-induced) is necessary to balance small diabatic sources and sinks of heat. Therefore, it depends on the processes of vertical diffusion, boundary layer entrainment/detrainment, and, on the polar flank, convection. In the absence of substantial lateral diffusion, the leading-order balance of weak residual circulation implies a very weak meridional heat transport across the ACC and a correspondingly weak differential heat exchange to the atmosphere. This limitation can be eased if the lateral diffusive flux of temperature in the surface layer becomes as large as the adiabatic eddy transport.
机译：一个简单的通道流模型用于检查南极绕极洋流（ACC）的平衡上层海洋动力学和热力学。该模型由两个区域平均的可变温度层（一个表面边界层和一个温跃层）组成，这些层由湍流界面隔开。通过松弛到规定的大气温度确定的弱气-海热通量决定了海洋表层的前兆温度结构。内部的平衡热结构主要由风驱动的欧拉平均循环引起的子午输运与斜压涡流引起的热通量之间的主要平衡决定。所得的纬度温度梯度取决于风和大气的强迫，并维持地转带纬向流。考虑到海洋表面温度的下一阶平衡会导致海气通量与剩余流量的大小成正比。剩余的子午循环（欧拉平均数和涡流诱发的）对于平衡小的非绝热源和热沉是必要的。因此，这取决于垂直扩散的过程，边界层的夹带/减除过程以及极面的对流。在没有实质性横向扩散的情况下，残留循环较弱的先导平衡意味着整个ACC的子午热传递非常弱，并且与大气的热交换也相应较弱。如果表面层中温度的横向扩散通量与绝热涡流一样大，则可以减轻这种限制。

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