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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Physical Oceanography >Wind-Wave Misalignment Effects on Langmuir Turbulence in Tropical Cyclone Conditions
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Wind-Wave Misalignment Effects on Langmuir Turbulence in Tropical Cyclone Conditions

机译：热带气旋条件下风浪未对准对朗缪尔湍流的影响

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This study utilizes a large-eddy simulation (LES) approach to systematically assess the directional variability of wave-driven Langmuir turbulence (LT) in the ocean surface boundary layer (OSBL) under tropical cyclones (TCs). The Stokes drift vector, which drives LT through the Craik-Leibovich vortex force, is obtained through spectral wave simulations. LT's direction is identified by horizontally elongated turbulent structures and objectively determined from horizontal autocorrelations of vertical velocities. In spite of a TC's complex forcing with great wind and wave misalignments, this study finds that LT is approximately aligned with the wind. This is because the Reynolds stress and the depth-averaged Lagrangian shear (Eulerian plus Stokes drift shear) that are key in determining the LT intensity (determined by normalized depth-averaged vertical velocity variances) and direction are also approximately aligned with the wind relatively close to the surface. A scaling analysis of the momentum budget suggests that the Reynolds stress is approximately constant over a near-surface layer with predominant production of turbulent kinetic energy by Stokes drift shear, which is confirmed from the LES results. In this layer, Stokes drift shear, which dominates the Lagrangian shear, is aligned with the wind because of relatively short, wind-driven waves. On the contrary, Stokes drift exhibits considerable amount of misalignments with the wind. This wind-wave misalignment reduces LT intensity, consistent with a simple turbulent kinetic energy model. Our analysis shows that both the Reynolds stress and LT are aligned with the wind for different reasons: the former is dictated by the momentum budget, while the latter is controlled by wind-forced waves.
机译：这项研究利用大涡模拟（LES）方法来系统地评估热带气旋（TC）下海面边界层（OSBL）中波浪驱动的朗缪尔湍流（LT）的方向变异性。通过谱波模拟获得了通过Craik-Leibovich涡流力驱动LT的斯托克斯漂移矢量。 LT的方向由水平延伸的湍流结构确定，并根据垂直速度的水平自相关来客观确定。尽管TC的强迫作用复杂，且风浪错位很大，但这项研究发现LT与风大致对齐。这是因为在确定LT强度（由归一化的深度平均垂直速度变化确定）和方向的关键中，雷诺应力和深度平均的拉格朗日切变（欧拉加斯托克斯漂移切变）和方向也与风近似对齐到表面。对动量收支的定标分析表明，雷斯托斯应力在近表层上大致恒定，并且主要由斯托克斯漂移剪切产生湍动能，这从LES结果得到了证实。在这一层中，拉格朗日剪切力占主导地位的斯托克斯漂移剪切力因风相对较短而与风对齐。相反，斯托克斯漂移表现出与风相当大的失准。这种风浪失准降低了LT强度，与简单的湍动能模型一致。我们的分析表明，雷诺应力和LT均与风对齐，原因不同：前者由动量预算决定，而后者则由风力波动控制。

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