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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Population Ageing >Family Strategies in Hungary: The Role of Undocumented Migrants in Eldercare
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Family Strategies in Hungary: The Role of Undocumented Migrants in Eldercare

机译：匈牙利的家庭策略：无证移民在老年人护理中的作用

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摘要

In Hungary until recently there are no research data on undocumented migrants working in the field of eldercare. Qualitative research conducted in 2009–2011 examined this ‘invisible’ segment working in long-term care. One of the target groups this study was families employing undocumented migrants including ethnic Hungarians from neighbouring Romania (Transylvania) and Ukraine (Subcarpathia). The paper explores this data to address where the employment of invisible migrants appears in the long-term eldercare strategies of Hungarian families. In addition, this paper examines the role of Hungarian non-migrant carers who are also present on the illegal (black) labour market providing eldercare. Based on analysis of macro data and empirical research, the paper identifies several care strategies utilised by families caring for older people in Hungary: 1. Active family carer; 2. Inactive family carer; 3. Family carer receiving a care allowance; 4. Family care with shared responsibility; 5. Family employing legal carer; 6. Family employing undocumented non-migrant carer; 7. Family carer also with earnings on the black market; and 8. Family employing undocumented migrant carer. This paper also highlights that a decline in the trend of migration in the near future will bring an erosion of the existing care source that has not been anticipated by policy related to eldercare. The increase in the retirement age causes women’s later exit from the labour market, aggravating the problem of balancing care and work. This increase in the retirement age, considered to be essential for ensuring the sustainability of the pension system, will inevitably result in a shortage of services with all its financial and structural implications. As women will no longer be able to perform care tasks, the formal care system will be unable to cope with the extra demand.
机译：在匈牙利，直到最近，尚无关于在老年人护理领域工作的无证移民的研究数据。在2009年至2011年进行的定性研究考察了长期护理中这一“看不见”的领域。该研究的目标人群之一是雇用无证移民的家庭，包括来自邻国罗马尼亚（特兰西瓦尼亚）和乌克兰（亚喀尔巴阡山脉）的匈牙利人。本文探讨了这些数据，以解决在匈牙利家庭的长期养老策略中无形移民的就业机会。此外，本文研究了匈牙利非移民照料者的作用，这些照料者也在提供老人护理的非法（黑人）劳动力市场上也存在。基于对宏观数据的分析和实证研究，本文确定了匈牙利照顾老年人的家庭所采用的几种护理策略：1.积极的家庭照顾者； 2.不活跃的家庭照顾者； 3.领取照顾津贴的家庭照顾者； 4.分担责任的家庭护理； 5.雇用合法照顾者的家庭； 6.雇用无证非移民照料者的家庭； 7.家庭照顾者在黑市上也有收入； 8.雇用无证移徙照料者的家庭。本文还强调指出，在不久的将来，移民趋势的下降将带来现有护理来源的侵蚀，而这是与老年人护理相关的政策所无法预料的。退休年龄的增加导致妇女后来退出劳动力市场，加剧了照顾和工作平衡的问题。退休年龄的这种增加被认为是确保养恤金制度可持续性必不可少的，这将不可避免地导致服务短缺，并对其财务和结构产生影响。由于妇女将不再能够执行护理任务，因此正规护理系统将无法应付额外的需求。

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