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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of product innovation management >Determinants of Alliance Portfolio Complexity and Its Effect on Innovative Performance of Companies
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Determinants of Alliance Portfolio Complexity and Its Effect on Innovative Performance of Companies

机译：联盟投资组合复杂性的决定因素及其对公司创新绩效的影响

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Alliance formation is often described as a mechanism used by firms to increase voluntary knowledge transfers. Access to external knowledge has been increasingly recognized as a main source of a firm's innovativeness. A phenomenon that has recently emerged is alliance portfolio complexity. In line with recent studies this article develops a measure of portfolio complexity in technology partnerships in terms of diversity of elements of the alliance portfolio with which a firm must interact. The analysis considers an alliance portfolio that includes different partnership types (competitor, customer, supplier, and university and research center). So far factors that determine portfolio complexity and its impact on technological performance of firms have remained largely unexplored. This article examines firms' decisions to form alliance portfolios of foreign and domestic partners by two groups of firms: innovators (firms that are successful in introducing new products to the market), and imitators (firms that are successful at introducing products which are not new to the market). This study also assesses a nonlinear impact of the portfolio complexity measure on firms' innovative performance. The empirical models are estimated using data on more than 1800 firms from two consecutive Community Innovation Surveys conducted in 1998 and 2000 in the Netherlands. The results suggest that alliance portfolios of innovators are broader in terms of the different types of alliance partners as compared to those of imitators. This finding underlines the importance of establishing a "radar function" of links to various different partners in accessing novel information. Specifically, the results indicate that foremost innovators have a strong propensity to form portfolios consisting of international alliances. This underlines the importance of this type of partnership in the face of the growing internationalization of R&D and global technology sourcing. Being an innovator or imitator also increases the propensity to form a portfolio of domestic alliances, relative to non-innovators; but this propensity is not stronger for innovators. Innovators appear to derive benefit from both intensive (exploitative) and broad (explorative) use of external information sources. The former type of sourcing is more important for innovators, while the latter is more important for imitators. Finally, alliance complexity is found to have an inverse U-shape relationship to innovative performance. On the one hand, complexity facilitates learning and innovativeness; on the other hand, each organization has a certain management capacity to deal with complexity which sets limits on the amount of alliance portfolio complexity that can be managed within the firm. This clearly suggests that firms face a certain cognitive limit in terms of the degree of complexity they can handle. Despite the noted advantages of an increasing level of alliance portfolio complexity firms will at a certain stage reach a specific inflection point after which marginal costs of managing complexity are higher than the expected benefits from this increased complexity.
机译：联盟的形成通常被描述为企业用来增加自愿知识转移的一种机制。越来越多的人认为，获取外部知识是公司创新的主要来源。最近出现的一种现象是联盟投资组合的复杂性。与最近的研究一致，本文根据企业必须与之互动的联盟投资组合要素的多样性，开发了一种衡量技术合作伙伴关系中投资组合复杂性的方法。该分析考虑的是一个包括不同合作伙伴类型（竞争对手，客户，供应商以及大学和研究中心）的联盟投资组合。到目前为止，决定投资组合复杂性及其对公司技术绩效影响的因素尚未得到充分探索。本文研究了由两家公司组成的企业决定组成国内外合作伙伴联盟投资组合的决策：创新者（成功将新产品推向市场的公司）和模仿者（成功引入非新产品的公司）去市场）。这项研究还评估了投资组合复杂性度量对企业创新绩效的非线性影响。使用来自1998年和2000年在荷兰进行的两次连续的社区创新调查获得的1800多家公司的数据来估计经验模型。结果表明，与模仿者相比，就不同类型的合作伙伴而言，创新者的联盟投资组合更广泛。这一发现强调了在访问新颖信息时建立与各种不同伙伴的链接的“雷达功能”的重要性。具体而言，结果表明，最重要的创新者倾向于形成由国际联盟组成的投资组合。这凸显了这种类型的伙伴关系在研发和全球技术采购日益国际化的重要性。相对于非创新者，成为创新者或模仿者还增加了形成国内联盟投资组合的倾向。但是对于创新者来说，这种倾向并不强。创新者似乎从对外部信息源的密集（开发）和广泛（探索）使用中受益。前者对创新者而言更为重要，而后者对模仿者而言则更为重要。最后，发现联盟的复杂性与创新绩效呈倒U型关系。一方面，复杂性促进学习和创新；另一方面，每个组织都有一定的管理能力来处理复杂性，这限制了公司内部可以管理的联盟投资组合复杂性的数量。这清楚地表明，就其可以处理的复杂程度而言，公司面临一定的认知极限。尽管联盟投资组合复杂性水平提高具有明显的优势，但公司仍将在某个阶段达到特定的拐点，此后，管理复杂性的边际成本将高于这种复杂性所带来的预期收益。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of product innovation management》 |2011年第4期|p.570-585|共16页
  • 作者

    Geert Duysters; Boris Lokshin;

  • 作者单位

    Eindhoven University of Technology and Tilburg University, 5612 AX, Eindhoven, The Netherlands;

    Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Maastricht, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;

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