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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Promotion Management >Foreign Countries and U.S. Public Relations Firms: The Case of Three Persian Gulf States
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Foreign Countries and U.S. Public Relations Firms: The Case of Three Persian Gulf States

机译：外国和美国公共关系公司：三个波斯湾国家

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The purpose of this study is to learn how many foreign countries are using U.S. public relations firms to influence U.S. policy makers and to support their own causes. It is estimated that foreign countries spend more than $150 million every year on U.S. public relations firms. These public relations campaigns were designed to achieve differing political, economic, social and educational goals in the United States. Using American government data, this study will concentrate on three Persian Gulf States, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Kuwait, who are among the leading countries that have been spending millions of dollars on U.S. public relations campaigns. Saudi Arabia is a pioneering country in this field, especially active since the early 1970s. After the September 11, 2001, bombing of World Trade Center, Saudi Arabia was criticized by the U.S. Congress for hosting and supporting terrorist organizations. After the Bank of Commerce and Credit International (BCCI) scandal, in which the UAE was a major shareholder in the bank, UAE hired several U.S. public relations, lobbying, and law firms to overcome this problem. Kuwait noticed the importance of public relations and, following the invasion of their country by Iraq in 1990, turned to Hill & Knowlton (H&K) for support. The government of Kuwait in exile, using a front group called the Citizens for a Free Kuwait (CFFK), spent more than $11 million on a successful propaganda campaign to get the United States government to intervene. As a result of these successful campaigns, when there are political crises between the U.S. government and Arab Gulf States, public relations (PR) spending on behalf of these countries rises.
机译：这项研究的目的是了解有多少外国利用美国公共关系公司来影响美国决策者并支持他们自己的事业。据估计，外国每年在美国公共关系公司上花费超过1.5亿美元。这些公共关系运动旨在实现美国不同的政治，经济，社会和教育目标。使用美国政府的数据，本研究将集中在三个波斯湾国家，沙特阿拉伯，阿拉伯联合酋长国（UAE）和科威特这三个领先国家中，这些国家已经在美国公共关系运动上花费了数百万美元。沙特阿拉伯是该领域的开拓性国家，自1970年代初以来特别活跃。 2001年9月11日，沙特阿拉伯世界贸易中心遭到轰炸后，美国国会批评其收容和支持恐怖组织。在阿联酋成为该银行的主要股东的商业银行和国际信贷银行（BCCI）丑闻之后，阿联酋雇用了数家美国公共关系，游说和律师事务所来解决这一问题。科威特注意到公共关系的重要性，在1990年伊拉克入侵伊拉克后，科威特向希尔＆诺尔顿（H＆K）寻求支持。流亡的科威特政府利用一个名为“自由科威特公民”的前线组织，在一项成功的宣传运动上花费了超过1100万美元，以促使美国政府进行干预。这些成功的竞选活动的结果是，当美国政府与阿拉伯海湾国家之间发生政治危机时，代表这些国家的公共关系（PR）支出就会增加。

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