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The significance of the significance test controversy: comments on 'Size Matters'

机译：重要性测试争议的重要性：对“大小事项”的评论

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摘要

The concerns expressed and issues raised by Zialik and McCloskey concerning the use of tests of statistical inference have also been raised in sociology and psychology. This paper examines the similarities and differences between the way that the significance test controversy has been discussed in the wider social sciences and Zialik and McCloskey's discussion of the implications for economics. The issues are similar in that different effects of over-reliance on the rejection of the null hypothesis are identified. These include mistakes and errors in statistical inference, the lack of the use of diagnostic statistics to qualify and guide statistical inference, and the broader impact on the field of accumulation of type Ⅱ errors and lack of innovation in the field. There is considerable agreement on these points between sociologists, psychologists and economists who are concerned about these issues. However, there are also important differences that are discussed in this response. In particular, in the other social sciences the significance test controversy has broadened out and has been linked firstly to more discussions of the limitations of experimental and correlational designs and to a broader critique of positivism and scientism in the social sciences. Without this broader context the significance of the significance test controversy is understood in a more restricted way as a technical problem with widespread effects whereas in the social sciences it has been understood as symptomatic of broader disciplinary commitments in theory and purpose.
机译：Zialik和McCloskey所表达的关注和提出的有关使用统计推断检验的问题在社会学和心理学领域也得到了提出。本文探讨了在更广泛的社会科学中讨论重要性检验争议的方式与Zialik和McCloskey对经济学意义的讨论之间的异同。问题相似之处在于，识别出过分依赖否定假设的不同影响。其中包括统计推断中的错误和错误，缺乏使用诊断统计数据来限定和指导统计推断，对Ⅱ型误差累积领域的广泛影响以及该领域缺乏创新。在关注这些问题的社会学家，心理学家和经济学家之间就这些问题达成了相当多的共识。但是，此响应中还讨论了重要的区别。特别是，在其他社会科学中，重要性检验的争议扩大了，并且首先与对实验设计和相关设计的局限性的更多讨论以及社会科学中对实证主义和科学主义的更广泛的批判联系在一起。没有这种更广泛的背景，重要性测试争论的意义就以更局限的方式被理解为具有广泛影响的技术问题，而在社会科学中，它被理解为是理论和目的上更广泛的学科承诺的症状。

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