...
  • 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>The journal of technology transfer >Social and economic impact of the commercialization of the Argus Ⅱ artificial retina in the United States
【24h】

Social and economic impact of the commercialization of the Argus Ⅱ artificial retina in the United States

机译：美国ArgusⅡ人工视网膜商业化的社会和经济影响

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
   

获取外文期刊封面封底 >>

       
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Each year, the United States invests about $45billion in research conducted by federal researchers within federal laboratories. These efforts generate extensive social benefits when results are transferred to the private sector. It is important that we effectively quantify the economic and societal impact of federal technology transfer activities to inform taxpayers and policymakers about the value of public investments in this form of research. The Argus II device, an artificial retina commercialized in the United States by Second Sight in 2013, provides a rich example of how private sector innovation can be enhanced by research collaborations with federal labs and academia. Over the 25-year journey from idea to product, Second Sight carried out research and development collaborations with six Department of Energy national laboratories and seven universities. The case of Argus II also offers valuable insight into (1) how private industry, academia, and government can work together to bring socially beneficial innovations to fruition and (2) the tradeoffs inherent in these public-private collaborations. In this paper, we use a Markov model to estimate the realized and potential future social benefits associated with Argus II. We provide an interactive tool that can be used to replicate our findings and modify assumptions using updated patient information as it becomes available. We also provide insight into the aspects of federal involvement surrounding the development of Argus II that contributed to its successful commercialization and discuss other spillover benefits from these public-private collaborations.
机译：每年，美国在联邦实验室的联邦研究人员进行的研究中投资约450亿美元。当成果转移到私营部门时，这些努力会产生广泛的社会效益。重要的是，我们必须有效地量化联邦技术转让活动对经济和社会的影响，以这种形式的研究向纳税人和政策制定者告知公共投资的价值。 Argus II设备是Second Sight在2013年在美国商业化的人造视网膜，提供了一个很好的例子，说明如何通过与联邦实验室和学术界的研究合作来增强私营部门的创新能力。从概念到产品的25年历程中，Second Sight与6个能源部国家实验室和7所大学进行了研发合作。阿格斯二世的案例还为以下方面提供了宝贵的见解：（1）私营企业，学术界和政府如何共同努力以实现对社会有益的创新，以及（2）这些公私合作所固有的权衡取舍。在本文中，我们使用马尔可夫模型来估计与Argus II相关的已实现和潜在的未来社会效益。我们提供了一个交互式工具，可用来复制我们的发现并使用更新的患者信息（可用时）来修改假设。我们还提供了有关Argus II开发的联邦参与方面的见解，这些开发为其成功的商业化做出了贡献，并讨论了这些公私合作所带来的其他溢出效益。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号