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首页> 外文期刊>The journal of technology transfer >Regional cluster policies in Germany: challenges, impacts and evaluation practices
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Regional cluster policies in Germany: challenges, impacts and evaluation practices

机译：德国的区域集群政策：挑战，影响和评估实践

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Over the past two decades, the cluster concept has become firmly established in regional and innovation policy, as well as regional and local economic development at all spatial levels across Germany. The coming of age of such cluster policies shifts the focus of academic interest to the assessment of their outcomes. This paper seeks to contribute to the growing literature on cluster-policy evaluation in three ways: firstly, it focuses on regional cluster policies below the level of federal states in Germany to complement the majority of studies on federal and state-level programmes. Secondly, it adopts a public-choice perspective, whereas most existing research concentrates on methodological and conceptual issues associated with cluster-policy evaluation. Thirdly, this paper attempts to see cluster policies as a whole by linking evaluation with the practices of policy design and implementation, which are interconnected in the policy cycle. Following a brief overview of regional cluster policies in Germany, we summarise the challenges, impacts and evaluation practices of seven case studies on a regional scale, i.e. below the level of federal states. Arguing that causal effects of such policies are difficult to measure, we suggest that the real impacts are rather qualitative improvements in regions' organisational capacities, whereas independent evaluations not primarily serving to legitimise political decisions require more active engagement by the academic community.
机译：在过去的二十年中，集群概念已在德国的所有空间级别的区域和创新政策以及区域和本地经济发展中牢固树立。这种集群政策时代的来临将学术兴趣的重点转移到了对其成果的评估上。本文试图通过三种方式为日益增长的关于集群政策评估的文献做出贡献：首先，它着重于德国联邦州级别以下的区域集群政策，以补充有关联邦和州级计划的大多数研究。其次，它采用公共选择的观点，而大多数现有研究集中在与集群政策评估相关的方法和概念问题上。第三，本文试图通过将评估与政策设计和实施的实践联系起来，将集群政策作为一个整体来看待，这些实践在政策周期中是相互联系的。在简要概述了德国的区域集群政策之后，我们总结了七个在区域范围内（即低于联邦州的水平）的案例研究的挑战，影响和评估实践。认为此类政策的因果关系效应难以衡量，我们认为真正的影响是区域组织能力的质的提高，而主要不用于使政治决策合法化的独立评估则需要学术界更加积极地参与。

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