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Public policy for academic entrepreneurship initiatives: a review and critical discussion

机译：学术创业计划的公共政策：回顾和批判性讨论

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This article provides a critical review and discussion of current literature on technology transfer, incubators, and academic entrepreneurship. Drawing upon the notion of robustness in social systems and public choice theory, we review, code, and taxonomize 166 studies to assess the likelihood that these initiatives will generate innovation and economic growth. We find that academic entrepreneurship initiatives are characterized by conflicting goals, weak incentive structures for universities and academics, and are contextually dependent upon factors such as university strength. Our results suggest that there are critical boundary conditions that are unlikely to be fulfilled when universities and policymakers enact policies to support academic entrepreneurship initiatives. Policymakers therefore need to be cautious in the potential design of such initiatives. We discuss how technology transfer from universities might be better achieved through alternative mechanisms such as contract research, licensing, consulting and increased labor mobility among researchers.
机译：本文对当前有关技术转让，孵化器和学术创业的文献进行了重要的评论和讨论。基于社会系统的健壮性和公共选择理论的概念，我们对166项研究进行了回顾，编码和分类，以评估这些举措将带来创新和经济增长的可能性。我们发现，学术创业计划的特点是目标相互矛盾，对大学和学者的激励机制薄弱，并且在上下文中取决于诸如大学实力之类的因素。我们的结果表明，当大学和政策制定者制定政策来支持学术创业计划时，不可能满足关键的边界条件。因此，决策者在设计此类举措时应谨慎谨慎。我们讨论了如何通过替代机制（例如合同研究，许可，咨询和研究人员之间的劳动力流动性增加）更好地实现大学的技术转让。

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