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Entrepreneurship and country-level innovation: investigating the role of entrepreneurial opportunities

机译：创业精神和国家层面的创新：调查创业机会的作用

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Since the work of Schumpeter, entrepreneurship has been regarded as a concept that is in close relation to innovation. However, recent country level investigations show that technology innovation and new business creation can be regarded as two separate phenomena. In this paper we provide an explanation for the above contradiction through the distinguishing between two types of entrepreneurship, necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship. Building on opportunity theory and rational choice theory, we investigate the influence of both types of entrepreneurship on country-level innovation, and furthermore, pay particular attention to the interaction between opportunity entrepreneurship and the amount of opportunities available. We find that necessity entrepreneurship is inversely related to country-level innovation, whereas opportunity entrepreneurship is positively linked to technological progress. The positive effect of opportunity entrepreneurship, however, diminishes with an increased amount of entrepreneurial opportunities. This interaction indicates that opportunity availability is an important element of a country's entrepreneurship environment.
机译：自熊彼特工作以来，企业家精神已被视为与创新紧密相关的概念。但是，最近的国家级调查表明，技术创新和新业务创造可以被视为两个独立的现象。在本文中，我们通过区分两种类型的企业家精神-必要性和机会企业家精神-来解释上述矛盾。在机会论和理性选择理论的基础上，我们研究了两种类型的创业精神对国家级创新的影响，此外，还特别关注了机会创业精神与可利用的机会数量之间的相互作用。我们发现，必要的企业家精神与国家层面的创新成反比，而机会型企业家精神与技术进步成正比。然而，机会企业家精神的积极影响随着企业家机会数量的增加而减弱。这种互动表明机会的可获得性是一个国家创业环境的重要组成部分。

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