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首页> 外文期刊>The journal of technology transfer >Beyond town and gown: university economic engagement and the legacy of the urban crisis
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Beyond town and gown: university economic engagement and the legacy of the urban crisis

机译：超越城镇和礼服：大学经济参与和城市危机的遗产

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摘要

University-driven land development and research into the amelioration of social problems are examples of the wider dimensions of economic engagement by large American research universities in metropolitan settings since 1949, and both dimensions are strongly conditioned by the experiences of universities and surrounding neighborhoods during the "urban crisis" of the 1960s. The rise of the modern American research university between 1950 and 1980 coincided with the economic decline of large American cities and the slide of their poorest neighborhoods into severe socioeconomic distress. The elite identification of the university as a force for economic and social change was a direct response to these urban upheavals, and the dynamics of its new role were fueled by the presumptions of postwar consensus liberalism. The urban crisis had an effect on town-gown relations that endured into the early twenty-first century, not least because it made local governments and universities allies rather than adversaries. Countering definitions of the role the university should take in economic development have arisen from a "town" comprised not of elected officials, but of community members from both within and outside of the university. The long shadow of urban crisis attests to the historical contingency of town-gown interactions and the usefulness of historical, case-based approaches to understanding the role of universities in urban and metropolitan economies.
机译：大学主导的土地开发和对社会问题的缓解研究是1949年以来美国大型研究型大学在大都市环境中参与经济活动的更广泛方面的例子，而这两个方面在很大程度上受到了大学和周边社区在“ 1960年代的城市危机”。 1950年至1980年间，现代美国研究型大学的兴起与美国大城市的经济衰退以及最贫困的社区陷入严重的社会经济困境相吻合。精英大学被公认为是经济和社会变革的力量，是对这些城市动荡的直接反应，战后共识自由主义的推论推动了大学新角色的发展。城市危机对持续到二十一世纪初的城乡关系产生了影响，这不仅是因为它使地方政府和大学成为盟友，而不是对手。与大学在经济发展中所起的作用相反的定义来自一个“镇”，该镇不是由民选官员组成，而是由大学内部和外部的社区成员组成。城市危机的长长阴影证明了城镇与政府之间互动的历史偶然性，以及基于案例的历史性方法对了解大学在城市和大都市经济中的作用的有用性。

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