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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the American Water Resources Association >USING SPATIALLY DETAILED WATER-QUALITY DATA AND SOLUTE-TRANSPORT MODELING TO SUPPORT TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD DEVELOPMENT
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USING SPATIALLY DETAILED WATER-QUALITY DATA AND SOLUTE-TRANSPORT MODELING TO SUPPORT TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD DEVELOPMENT

机译：使用空间详细的水质数据和溶质运输模型来支持总最大日负荷发展

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摘要

Spatially detailed mass-loading studies and solute-transport modeling using OTIS (One-dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage) demonstrate how natural attenuation and loading from distinct and diffuse sources control stream water quality and affect load reductions predicted in total maximum daily loads (TMDLs). Mass-loading data collected during low-flow from Cement Creek (a low-pH, metal-rich stream because of natural and mining sources, and subject to TMDL requirements) were used to calibrate OTIS and showed spatially variable effects of natural attenuation (instream reactions) and loading from diffuse (groundwater) and distinct sources. OTIS simulations of the possible effects of TMDL-recommended remediation of mine sites showed less improvement to dissolved zinc load and concentration (14% decrease) than did the TMDL (53-63% decrease). The TMDL (1) assumed conservative transport, (2) accounted for loads removed by remediation by subtracting them from total load at the stream mouth, and (3) did not include diffuse-source loads. In OTIS, loads were reduced near their source; the resulting concentration was decreased by natural attenuation and increased by diffuse-source loads during downstream transport. Thus, by not including natural attenuation and loading from diffuse sources, the TMDL overestimated remediation effects at low flow. Use of the techniques presented herein could improve TMDLs by incorporating these processes during TMDL development.
机译：使用OTIS（具有流入量和存储量的一维传输量）进行详细的空间质量负载研究和溶质运移模型，表明来自不同和分散源的自然衰减和负载如何控制溪流水质并影响总最大日负荷量（TMDL）中预测的减载量）。在Cement Creek低流量过程中收集的质量载荷数据（由于天然和采矿资源而导致的低pH值，富含金属的流，并且受TMDL要求）用于校准OTIS，并显示了自然衰减的空间变化效应（内部反应）以及来自扩散（地下水）和不同来源的负荷。 OTIS对TMDL建议的雷区修复可能产生的影响的模拟显示，与TMDL相比（减少53-63％），溶解锌负荷和浓度的改善较少（减少14％）。 TMDL（1）假定为保守运输，（2）通过从河口的总载荷中减去通过补救消除的载荷，（3）不包括扩散源载荷。在OTIS中，负荷减轻了。最终的浓度由于自然衰减而降低，而由于下游运输过程中的扩散源负荷而增加。因此，由于不包括自然衰减和来自扩散源的负荷，TMDL高估了低流量时的修复效果。通过在TMDL开发过程中并入这些过程，可以使用本文介绍的技术来改善TMDL。

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