The Association of American Railroads (AAR) initiated the Heavy Axle Load (HAL) Research Program in 1988 in order to "provide guidance to the North American railroad industry about whether to increase axle loads and to determine the most economic payload consistent with safety " (Kalay and Martland 2001). The research demonstrated the technical feasibility and economic desirability of increasing axle loads and the ability of technology to mitigate the adverse effects of heavier loads. Ln 1991, the industry decided to accept cars with 286,000 1b. gross vehicle weight (286k GVW) in interchange service. Since then, more than 90% of all bulk equipment acquired has been rated for 286k GVW. By 2010, nearly 100% of coal traffic and 30%, of general freight moved in 286k loads.
展开▼
机译：美国铁路协会（AAR）于1988年启动了重轴载荷（HAL）研究计划，目的是“向北美铁路行业提供有关是否增加轴载荷并确定符合安全性的最经济有效载荷的指南”（ Kalay and Martland 2001）。这项研究证明了增加轴荷的技术可行性和经济上的合意性，以及减轻轻载的不利影响的技术能力。 1991年，行业决定接受286,000 1b的汽车。换乘服务的车辆总重（286k GVW）。从那时起，所有购置的散装设备中有90％以上的额定总载重量为28.6万。到2010年，将近100％的煤炭运输和30％的一般货运以28.6万载运量运输。
展开▼
