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First estimate of volcanic SO_2 budget for Vanuatu island arc

机译：瓦努阿图岛弧火山SO_2预算的初步估算

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摘要

The spatial and temporal coverage of measurements of volcanic gas emissions remains patchy. However, over the last decade, emissions inventories have improved thanks to new measurements of some of the lesser-known volcanic areas. We report on one such region—the Vanuatu island arc, in the Southwest Pacific—for which we now have sufficient systematic observations to offer a systematic emissions inventory. Our new estimate is based on SO_2 flux measurements made in the period 2004-2009 with ultraviolet spectroscopy techniques for the following volcanoes: Yasur, Lopevi, Ambrym, Ambae, Gaua and Vanua Lava (from south to north). These are the first ever measurements for Lopevi, Gaua and Vanua Lava. The results reveal the Vanuatu arc as one of Earth's prominent sources of volcanic degassing with a characteristic annual emission to the atmosphere of ~3 Tg of SO_2 (representing about 20% of hitherto published global estimates). Our new dataset highlights the sustained prodigious degassing of Ambrym volcano, whose 5 Gg day~(-1) mean flux of SO_2 represents nearly two-thirds of the total budget for the Vanuatu arc. This confirms Ambrym as one of the largest volcanic sources worldwide comparable to Etna, often considered as the most vigorous source of volcanic emission on Earth. We also report a high degassing for Ambae of ~2 Gg day~(-1) SO_2, representing more than 28% of the Vanuatu arc budget. Thus, 90% of the SO_2 output from Vanuatu is focused in the central part of the arc (from Ambrym and Ambae) where magmas originate from enriched Indian-type mantle and where peculiar tectonic conditions could favor high magma production rates.
机译：火山气体排放量测量的时空覆盖范围仍然很小。但是，在过去十年中，由于对一些鲜为人知的火山区进行了新的测量，排放清单有所改善。我们报告了一个这样的区域-西南太平洋的瓦努阿图岛弧-现在我们对其进行了充分的系统观测，以提供系统的排放量清单。我们的新估算基于2004-2009年间使用紫外线光谱技术对以下火山进行的SO_2通量测量：Yasur，Lopevi，Ambrym，Ambae，Gaua和Vanua Lava（从南到北）。这是Lopevi，Gaua和Vanua Lava的首次测量。结果表明，瓦努阿图弧是地球上最主要的火山脱气源之一，每年向大气中排放的SO_2约3 Tg（约占迄今发表的全球估计的20％）。我们的新数据集突出显示了Ambrym火山持续的大量脱气，其5 Gg日〜（-1）的平均SO_2通量占瓦努阿图弧总预算的近三分之二。这证实了安布林是世界上可与埃特纳火山相媲美的最大火山源之一，而埃特纳火山通常被认为是地球上火山喷发最剧烈的源头。我们还报告说，Ambae的高脱气率约为2 Gg日〜（-1）SO_2，占瓦努阿图弧线预算的28％以上。因此，瓦努阿图的SO_2产出的90％集中在弧的中部（来自Ambrym和Ambae），那里的岩浆来自富集的印度型地幔，而特殊的构造条件可能有利于岩浆的高生产率。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》 |2012年第15期|p.36-46|共11页
  • 作者

    Philipson Bani; Clive Oppenheimer; Patrick Allard; Hiroshi Shinohara; Vitchko Tsanev; Simon Carn; Michel Lardy; Esline Garaebiti;

  • 作者单位

    Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, BP A5-98848 NOUMEA Cedex/PPME, Université de la Nouvelle-Caledonie BPR4-98851 Nouméa Cedex, France;

    Le Studium, Institute for Advanced Studies, Orleans and Tours, France,Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Oriéans, la rue de la Ferollerie, Orleans 45071, France,Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN, UK;

    Institut de Physique du Globe - Sorbonne Paris Cite, GSV, 1 rue Jussieu, 75238 Paris cedex 05, France (also : INGV, Piazza Roma 2, Catania, Italy);

    Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, 1-1-1 Higashi, AIST Central 7, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan;

    Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN, UK;

    Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA;

    Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, BP A5-98848 NOUMEA Cedex/PPME, Université de la Nouvelle-Caledonie BPR4-98851 Nouméa Cedex, France;

    Vanuatu Meteorological and Geohazards Department, Port-Vila, Vanuatu;

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