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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >Comparative study of lahars generated by the 1961 and 1971 eruptions of Calbuco and Villarrica volcanoes, Southern Andes of Chile
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Comparative study of lahars generated by the 1961 and 1971 eruptions of Calbuco and Villarrica volcanoes, Southern Andes of Chile

机译：智利安第斯山脉南部Calbuco和Villarrica火山1961年和1971年喷发产生的拉哈斯的比较研究

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摘要

The Villarrica and Calbuco volcanoes, of the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone, are two of the most active volcanoes in Chile and have erupted several times in the XX century. The 1961 eruption at Calbuco volcano generated lahars on the North, East and Southern flanks, while the 1971 eruption at Villarrica volcano generated lahars in almost all the drainages towards the north, west and south of the volcano. The deposits from these eruptions in the Voipir and Chaillupen River (Villarrica) and the Tepu River (Calbuco) are studied. The 1971 lahar deposits on Villarrica volcano show a great number of internal structures such as lamination, lenses, grading of larger dasts and a great abundance of large floating blocks on top of the deposits. The granulometry can be unimodal or bimodal with less than 5% by weight of silt + clay material. SEM images reveal a great variety of forms and compositions of clasts. The 1961 lahar deposits on Calbuco volcano have a scarce number of internal structures, steeper margins and features of hot emplacement such as semi-carbonized vegetal rests, segregation pipes and a more consolidated matrix. The granulometry usually is bimodal with great quantities of silt + clay material (> 10% by weight). SEM images show a uniformity of composition and forms of clasts.rnDifferences on deposits reveal different dynamics on both lahars. The Villarrica lahar was generated by sudden melt of ice and snow during the paroxysmal phase of the 1971 eruption, when a high fountain of lava was formed. The melted water flowed down on the flanks of the volcano and incorporated sediments to become transition flows, highly energetic and were emplaced incrementally. Dilution of the flows occurs when the lahars reached unconfined and flatter areas. In cases where the lahar flow found large water streams, dilution is enhanced. The Calbuco lahars were generated by the dilution of block and ash pyroclastic flows by flowing over the ice or snow or by entering active rivers, transforming to debris flows. The differences on dynamics of both flows show the importance to understand initiation processes of lahars in order to make better hazard assessment due to laharics flows.
机译：安第斯山脉南部火山区的比利亚里卡火山和卡尔布科火山是智利最活跃的两个火山，在二十世纪爆发了几次。 1961年，Calbuco火山喷发在北，东和南部侧翼形成了拉哈斯，而1971年比利亚里卡火山的喷发在通往该火山北，西和南的几乎所有排水系统中都产生了拉哈斯。研究了这些火山喷发在Voipir和Chaillupen河（Villarrica）和Tepu河（Calbuco）中的沉积物。 1971年比利亚里卡火山上的拉哈尔沉积物显示出大量的内部结构，例如叠层，透镜，较大的碎屑分级以及在沉积物顶部的大量大型浮块。粒度可以是单峰的或双峰的，其淤泥+粘土材料的重量小于5％。 SEM图像揭示了各种形式的碎屑。 1961年，卡尔布科火山上的拉哈尔沉积物内部结构稀少，边缘陡峭，并有热侵袭特征，例如半碳化植物架，隔离管和更坚固的基质。粒度通常是双峰的，含大量的粉尘+粘土材料（> 10％重量）。 SEM图像显示了碎屑的组成和形式的均匀性。rn沉积物的差异揭示了两个拉哈尔岩体的动力学不同。 Villarrica lahar是在1971年爆发的阵发性阶段突然形成的冰雪融化时形成的，当时形成了高高的熔岩喷泉。融化的水从火山的侧面流下来，并结合了沉积物，成为过渡流，能量很高，并逐渐增加。当通行者到达无限制且平坦的区域时，流量会发生稀释。在拉哈流发现大量水流的情况下，稀释会增强。 Calbuco lahars是由块状和灰分碎屑流的稀释所产生的，这些碎屑流是在冰或雪上流过或进入活跃的河流，转化为泥石流。两种流动动力学的差异表明，了解Lahars引发过程的重要性，以便更好地评估Laharic流动造成的危害。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》 |2010年第4期|297-311|共15页
  • 作者

    Angelo Castruccio; Jorge Clavero; Andres Rivera;

  • 作者单位

    Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile, Plaza Ercilla 803, Casilla 13518, Santiago, Chile Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queen's Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom;

    Servicio National de Geologia y Mineria, Avenida Santa Maria 0104, Casilla 10465, Santiago, Chile Energia Andina S.A.;

    Centro de Estudios Cientificos, Avenida Arturo Prat 514, Casilla 1469, Valdivia, Chile;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Lahar; Villarrica volcano; Calbuco volcano; debris flow; Southern Andes;

    机译：拉哈比利亚里卡火山;卡尔布科火山;泥石流;南安第斯山脉;

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