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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >Volcanic impediments in the progressive development of pre-Columbian civilizations in the Ecuadorian Andes
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Volcanic impediments in the progressive development of pre-Columbian civilizations in the Ecuadorian Andes

机译：厄瓜多尔安第斯山脉的哥伦布前文明逐步发展的火山障碍

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Archaeological investigations in Ecuador have proposed that there appear to be hiatus or anomalous jumps in the progressive development of pre-Columbian indigenous cultures, based upon the fact that their ceramics and tools demonstrate abrupt advances in their sophistication at several horizons in the soil profile. Because some of these horizons are clearly associated with volcanic ash layers, archaeologists have sought a causal relation with volcanism, that is, the eruptive events or their products severely interfered with the early inhabitants, resulting in their abandonment of certain areas. Geological studies of the young volcanoes in the Ecuadorian Andes carried out during the past two decades now allow us to make a more thorough evaluation of the role of volcanism during the Holocene. This contribution briefly describes the principal Holocene volcanic events and the distribution of the corresponding eruptive products found along the InterAndean Valley, from southern Colombia to central Ecuador. Only those events that were sufficiently large that they could have had a detrimental effect on the valley's early residents are discussed. Dacitic and rhyolitic ash flows, as well as numerous debris flows (lahars) have occurred frequently and their deposits cover many valleys and floodplains, where early inhabitants probably settled. The enormous Chillos Valley lahar, associated with the 4500 yBP eruption of Cotopaxi volcano, buried soils containing ceramics of the early Formative Period. However, the greatest impact upon mankind was probably not these short-lived violent events, but rather the burying of settlements and agricultural fields by ash fallout, the effect of which may have lasted hundreds of years. Ash fall layers are observed in pre-Columbian cultural horizons in the soil profile, occurring in the InterAndean Valley, the lower flanks of the Andes, and along Ecuador's Pacific coast, the oldest corresponding to the 5800 yBP eruption of Cotopaxi. This brief study provides the archaeologist with a more detailed listing of notable volcanic events that may guide future investigations of past cultures.
机译：厄瓜多尔的考古调查表明，前哥伦布时期前土著文化的逐步发展似乎出现了裂口或反常的跳跃，这是因为它们的陶瓷和工具在土壤剖面的多个层面显示出其复杂性的突飞猛进。由于其中一些视野显然与火山灰层有关，考古学家一直在寻求与火山作用的因果关系，即火山爆发事件或其产物严重干扰了早期居民，​​导致他们放弃了某些地区。在过去的二十年中，厄瓜多尔安第斯山脉的年轻火山的地质研究现在使我们能够对全新世期间火山作用的作用进行更彻底的评估。该文稿简要描述了全新世的主要火山事件，以及从哥伦比亚南部到厄瓜多尔中部沿安第斯山谷发现的相应喷发产物的分布。仅讨论那些足以对山谷早期居民造成不利影响的事件。菊科流纹岩和流纹岩灰流以及大量的泥石流（火山灰）经常发生，它们的沉积物覆盖了许多山谷和洪泛区，可能是早期居民居住的地方。巨大的Chillos山谷lahar与4500 yBP的Cotopaxi火山喷发相关，埋藏在形成早期的陶瓷中。但是，对人类的最大影响可能不是这些短暂的暴力事件，而是灰烬的沉降埋没了定居点和农田，其后果可能持续了数百年。在哥伦布时期以前的文化视野中，在安第斯山脉的安第斯山脉下侧的安第斯山脉谷地和厄瓜多尔的太平洋沿岸（最古老的对应于5800 yBP的科托帕希火山喷发）上发现了灰烬落层。这项简短的研究为考古学家提供了更为详细的清单，列出了重要的火山事件，这些事件可能会指导未来对过去文化的研究。

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