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Three Changes Not Foreseen by WTO Rules Framers Twenty-Five Years Ago

机译:WTO规则制定者二十五年未预见的三个变化

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摘要

We argue that three structural changes to the global trading economy not foreseen by the original WTO rules framers have rendered existing WTO rules outdated, and partially contributed to the USChina trade war. The first change is the prevalence of the Internet. The lack of relevant WTO rules in this field allows authoritarian countries to exercise control over Internet access, create cyberspace trade barriers, and abuse locally collected data. The second change is the emergence of the property of increasing returns' in the knowledge-based industries. The early front-runner in a hi-tech industry today is most likely to establish an invincible position tomorrow. Governments thus have motives to subsidize not-yet-existing industries to help them compete for the front-runner position. China's Made in China 2025 project may be one example. WTO existing subsidy rules are incapable of regulating effectively. The third change is the emergence of large previously communist economies, where the distinction between the public and the private sector is blurred. The prevalence of state-owned industries shakes the WTOs free-market foundations. Current WTO transparency rules cannot reveal the true extent of government intervention or guarantee fair competition. We propose possible directions for rules modifications to deal with these changes.
机译:我们认为,最初的WTO规则制定者未预见到的全球贸易经济的三项结构性变化已使现有的WTO规则过时,并部分促成了中美贸易战。第一个变化是互联网的普及。在这一领域缺乏相关的WTO规则,使专制国家可以控制互联网访问,形成网络空间贸易壁垒,并滥用本地收集的数据。第二个变化是知识型产业中增加回报的特性的出现。今天,高科技行业的早期领军者很可能在明天建立无敌的地位。因此,政府有动机补贴尚不存在的产业,以帮助它们竞争领先者的地位。中国的“中国制造2025”项目就是一个例子。 WTO现有的补贴规则无法有效地进行监管。第三个变化是大型以前的共产主义经济体的出现,公共和私营部门之间的区别变得模糊。国有工业的盛行动摇了世贸组织的自由市场基础。当前的WTO透明度规则无法揭示政府干预的真实范围或保证公平竞争。我们提出规则修改的可能方向,以应对这些变化。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Journal of world trade》 |2019年第6期|895-922|共28页
  • 作者

    Chu C. Y. Cyrus; Lee Po-Ching;

  • 作者单位

    World Trade Org Geneva Switzerland|US Natl Acad Sci Washington DC USA|TWAS Trieste Italy;

    World Trade Org Geneva Switzerland;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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