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首页> 外文期刊>JSAH: Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians >The Socialist Life of Modern Architecture: Bucharest, 1949-1964
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The Socialist Life of Modern Architecture: Bucharest, 1949-1964

机译：现代建筑的社会主义生活：布加勒斯特，1949-1964

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Juliana Maxim's new monograph on Romanian architecture under socialism is a welcome contribution to the booming interdisciplinary field of Second World urbanity studies1. Not only does it bring into focus new material on Romanian architectural culture previously unavailable to English-language readers, but it also raises original research questions that challenge long-standing stereotypes about the production of space under socialism. In this way, the book offers more than an excursion into the transformation of Bucharest between 1949 and 1964. It stands as a compelling, theory-driven analysis of modern architecture as a "social condenser"-bringing together political, social, and cultural imaginaries-which makes it relevant for a broader audience2.The book's first part, "The Rise of the Socialist City," examines new planning imperatives developed by professionals and politicians after World War Ⅱ and their implementation in several housing districts of Bucharest, including the Floreasca neighborhood in the period 1954-63. Maxim shows that the program of radical state-driven modernization privileged urban renewal as the main site of building socialism and negotiating its contours3. During the first years of Communist Party rule (1947-52), a series of sweeping political measures aimed at abolishing landowner-ship and reorganizing production facilitated the shift to a centrally planned economy, of which urban and rural development was meant to become an integral part. The government's ambition to resolve Bucharest's housing crisis-a specter that had haunted the city, like many other European cities, since the Industrial Revolution-was coupled with the idea that citizens must be uplifted from the perceived "backwardness" of the historical city. Housing and the improvement of public infrastructure became the focus of socialist urban planning in Romania, as in many socialist countries, after World War Ⅱ. It was within this context of mobilizing urban planning in the service of state building and social change that the country's architectural profession underwent a significant restructuring of its own, from the liberal profession it had been between the wars into an "organizational activity" tightly regulated by state priorities and norms (19). Importantly, this transformation came about through a process of negotiation between the new political elite and the professional community. Not only did new state priorities reshape the architectural profession, but the profession also actively participated in shaping the state.
机译：Juliana Maxim在社会主义下的罗马尼亚建筑上的新专着是对第二世界城市研究的兴隆跨学科领域的欢迎贡献。它不仅为罗马尼亚建筑文化带来了焦点新材料，以前不可用于英语读者，还提出了原创的研究问题，挑战了社会主义在社会主义下生产空间的长期刻板印象。通过这种方式，这本书提供了1949年至1964年间布加勒斯特的转型之外的游览。它被视为对现代建筑的一个引人注目的理论驱动分析，作为“社会凝视器”的“社会冷凝器” - 在一起的政治，社会和文化富翁。 - 为广泛的受众建议进行了相关的。本书的第一部分是“社会主义城市的崛起”，审查了第二次世界大战后专业人士和政治家开发的新规划要求，以及他们在包括弗拉西斯的几个住宅区1954-63期间的邻里。格言表明，激进国有驱动的现代化方案特权城市更新作为建设社会主义和谈判其轮廓的主要部位。在共产党统治的第一年（1947-52）中，一系列旨在消除土地所有者 - 船舶和重组生产的综合政治措施促进了转向集中计划的经济，其中城市和农村发展是一个不可或缺的部分。政府雄心为解决布加勒斯特住房危机 - 这是一个困扰着这个城市的幽灵，像许多其他欧洲城市一样，因为工业革命 - 与公民必须从历史城市的感知“落后”升起的想法。住房和公共基础设施的改善成为罗马尼亚社会主义城市规划的重点，就像在第一次世界大战后的许多社会主义国家。在这种情况下，在国家建设和社会变革中调动城市规划的背景下，该国的建筑专业接受了自己的大量重组，从自由主义的职业从战争融入“组织活动”的严格监管国家优先事项和规范（19）。重要的是，这种转变通过了新的政治精英和专业社区之间的谈判过程来了。新的国家优先事项不仅重塑建筑专业，而且专业也积极参与塑造国家。

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