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首页> 外文期刊>JSAH: Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians >Modernizing Architecture and Ornament on Mid-Nineteenth-Century Scandinavian Farms
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Modernizing Architecture and Ornament on Mid-Nineteenth-Century Scandinavian Farms

机译：在十九世纪中叶斯堪的纳维亚农场的现代化建筑和装饰

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摘要

Historians have long looked upon railways and factories as the primary symbols of nineteenth-century modernization, yet contemporary sources reveal that farmsteads, too, were central to that process. In mid-nineteenth-century Scandinavia, a small, liberal elite of agrarian and architectural reformers-comprising gentlemen farmers, owners of large estates, architects, and civil engineers-launched a vigorous campaign to improve farm architecture for the purposes of feeding a growing population and expanding industry and exports. They published numerous plans for model farmsteads and encouraged peasants and rural laborers to craft wood decorations for their farm buildings. In Sweden and Finland, the reformers widely regarded farmhouses and their outbuildings as the most important types of structures through which to improve the national economies and promote a modern rural architecture. Wood carvings played a major role not only in the new aesthetic ideal but also in plans for more comprehensive social reform. By contextualizing the promotion of architectural ornament within debates about rural architectural reform and the condition of the rural poor, I seek to show in this article that ornament served as a means of imagining and planning a model society. Elite Nordic reformers used ornament as a tool for improving the condition of rural inhabitants, increasing agricultural production, encouraging craft as a source of income for the rural poor, spreading civilization and well-being, and imposing order in the Scandinavian countryside. Focusing on Sweden and Finland, which the reformers viewed as a unified cultural sphere, I aim to shed light on efforts to promote a united Scandinavia through architecture and, specifically, through architectural ornament.
机译：历史学家长期以来，作为十九世纪现代化的主要符号，历史学家长期以来，而当代来源也揭示了农田，也是该过程的核心。在十九世纪中叶，一个小型，自由主义精英的农业和建筑改革者 - 包括绅士农民，大型房地产，建筑师和土木工程师的所有者 - 为喂养不断增长的人口而推出了改善农场建筑的充满活力的运动。并扩大行业和出口。他们出版了许多模型农田的计划，并鼓励农民和农民劳动者为其农场建筑制作木材装饰。在瑞典和芬兰，改革者广泛地将农舍及其外界视为最重要的结构，通过这方面的结构，以改善国家经济，促进现代农村建筑。木雕不仅在新的审美理想中发挥了重要作用，而且在更全面的社会改革方面发挥了重要作用。通过在关于农村建筑改革的辩论中促进建筑装饰和农村贫困条件的促进，我试图在本文中展示装饰作为想象和规划模型社会的手段。精英北欧改革者用装饰品作为改善农村居民的状况，增加农业生产，令人鼓舞的工艺作为农村贫困，传播文明和福祉的源泉，并在斯堪的纳维亚乡村举行命令。重点关注瑞典和芬兰，改革者被视为一个统一的文化领域，我旨在通过建筑，具体是通过建筑装饰来阐明促进联合斯堪的纳维亚的努力。

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