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Race, Class or Neighborhood Context: Which Matters More in Measuring Satisfaction with Police?

机译：种族，阶级或邻里环境：在衡量对警察的满意度方面，哪个方面更重要？

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摘要

The primary purpose of this study is to assess the relative effects of race and class, at both individual and neighborhood levels, on public satisfaction with police. Using hierarchical linear modeling on 1,963 individuals nested within 66 neighborhoods, this study analyzes how individual-level variables, including race, class, age, gender, victimization and contact with police, and neighborhood-level factors, including racial composition, concentrated disadvantage, residential mobility and violent crime rate, influence residents' satisfaction with police. The results from the individual-level analysis indicate that both race and class are equally important predictors. African Americans and lower-class people tend to be less satisfied with police. The significant effects of race and class, however, disappear when neighborhood-level characteristics are considered simultaneously. Neighborhood racial composition affects satisfaction with police, with residents in predominately White and racially mixed neighborhoods having more favorable attitudes than those in predominately African American communities. Further analyses reveal that African Americans in economically advantaged neighborhoods are less likely than Whites in the same kind of neighborhoods to be satisfied with police, whereas African Americans and Whites in disadvantaged communities hold similar levels of satisfaction with police. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.
机译：这项研究的主要目的是评估在个人和社区层面上种族和阶级对公众对警察满意度的相对影响。使用分层线性模型，对嵌套在66个社区中的1,963个人进行了分析，本研究分析了个人级别变量（包括种族，阶级，年龄，性别，受害和与警察接触）以及社区级别因素（包括种族构成，集中弱势群体，居住群体）的方式流动性和暴力犯罪率，影响居民对警察的满意度。个人水平分析的结果表明，种族和阶级都是同等重要的预测因素。非裔美国人和下层人民对警察的满意度较低。但是，当同时考虑邻里级别的特征时，种族和阶级的重大影响就消失了。邻里的种族组成会影响人们对警察的满意度，与白人和非裔美国人为主的社区相比，白人和种族混合社区居民的态度更为有利。进一步的分析表明，在经济上较发达的社区中，非洲裔美国人比在同类社区中的白人对警察满意的可能性要小，而处于不利地位的社区中的非洲裔美国人和白人对警察的满意度却相似。讨论了对未来研究和政策的影响。

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