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首页> 外文期刊>Lakes & Reservoirs >Reducing reservoir impacts and improving outcomes for dam-forced resettlement: experiences in central Vietnam
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Reducing reservoir impacts and improving outcomes for dam-forced resettlement: experiences in central Vietnam

机译：减少水库的影响并改善水坝强迫移民的成果：越南中部的经验

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The present study focuses on the growing problem of the impacts of human displacement resulting from hydropower dam construction, within the context of the integrated lake basin management of dam reservoirs. Dam-forced displacement and resettlement can pose severe challenges to the environmental, economic and social sustainability of a reservoir basin. A case study in Quang Nam Province, central Vietnam, suggests that many resettled communities experience impoverishment due to the lack of adequate replacement land, declines in supplemental food sources and reduced access to natural resources. In response to such situations, resettled residents may (ⅰ) destroy lake catchment forests for the purpose of converting them to farmland or engage in illegal logging; (ⅱ) increase agrichemical inputs on reduced land, thereby polluting run-off and groundwater; and (ⅲ) place increased pressure on fish stocks and wildlife. Examples are provided from central Vietnam to illustrate the need for applying management approaches that allows the affected people to become beneficiaries of dam projects and for including civil society organisations in resettlement planning. The hydro-power authority can fund benefit-sharing mechanisms, including village-level electrification and payment for environmental services schemes, in which resettled populations are paid for forest maintenance and protection to prevent erosion and deforestation, and reservoir access can be provided for fishing, aquaculture and agriculture. Civil society organizations can advocate for residents' interests and for reallocation of protected forest land for community forestry. These approaches can be supported by an inclusive reservoir management board working to achieve environmental sustainability, economic growth and social equity.
机译：本研究的重点是在大坝水库综合湖泊流域管理的背景下，水电大坝建设对人类流离失所的影响日益严重的问题。大坝迫使的位移和重新安置可能对水库盆地的环境，经济和社会可持续性构成严峻挑战。越南中部广南省的一个案例研究表明，由于缺乏足够的替代土地，补充粮食来源减少以及自然资源获取减少，许多移民社区陷入了贫困。针对这种情况，安置的居民可以（may）毁坏流域的森林，以将其转变为农田或从事非法砍伐； （ⅱ）在减少的土地上增加农业化学投入，从而污染径流和地下水； （ⅲ）对鱼类种群和野生生物施加更大的压力。越南中部提供了一些实例，以说明需要应用管理方法以使受影响的人成为大坝项目的受益者，并将民间社会组织纳入移民计划的必要性。水电主管部门可以资助利益共享机制，包括村庄一级的电气化和环境服务计划付款，其中向移民安置的居民支付森林维护和保护费用，以防止水土流失和毁林，并为捕鱼提供水库出入，水产养殖和农业。民间社会组织可以倡导居民的利益，并为社区林业重新分配受保护的林地。这些方法可以得到水库管理委员会的支持，以实现环境的可持续性，经济增长和社会公平。

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