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The environmental and operational impacts of Curua-Una, a reservoir in the Amazon region of Para, Brazil

机译：巴西帕拉亚马逊地区库库阿-乌纳水库的环境和运营影响

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摘要

An increasing demand for electrical power can be observed in the Amazon region. Although hydropower is the main source of energy production, only a few reservoirs have been built. In view of the significant energy deficit, the construction of new reservoirs certainly merits serious consideration. However, reservoir construction has significant impacts on natural water systems. The environmental effects of reservoirs in the northern hemisphere have been well-documented but little is known about those in the Amazon area. Therefore, we studied Curua-Una, a 23 year-old reservoir in the Amazon region, to evaluate developments in the catchment area and aquatic ecosystem, as well as dam use. The long-range environmental effects of the reservoir included deforestation in the watershed, erosion and the introduction of new land and water-borne diseases. Human migration and settlement was another significant consequence. New results of soil damage analysis are presented, illustrating a large export of iron and mercury from the system. The dam had several detrimental effects on the aquatic ecosystem, including enhanced eutrophication, inhibited decay of inundated vegetation and increased iron corrosion of "electromechanical equipment related to the accumulation of iron in the water. The main downstream effect of the dam was the prevention of fish migration.
机译：在亚马逊地区，人们对电力的需求不断增长。尽管水力发电是能源生产的主要来源，但仅建造了几个水库。鉴于巨大的能源短缺，新水库的建设当然值得认真考虑。但是，水库建设会对天然水系统产生重大影响。北半球水库对环境的影响已有充分文献记载，但对亚马逊地区的水库却知之甚少。因此，我们研究了亚马逊地区拥有23年历史的库鲁阿乌纳水库（Curua-Una），以评估集水区和水生生态系统的发展以及大坝的使用。该水库的长期环境影响包括流域内的森林砍伐，侵蚀以及新的土地和水传播疾病的引入。人口迁移和定居是另一个重大后果。提出了土壤破坏分析的新结果，表明该系统大量出口了铁和汞。该水坝对水生生态系统有若干有害影响，包括富营养化，抑制淹没植被的腐烂和增加与水中铁积累有关的机电设备的铁腐蚀。水坝的主要下游作用是预防鱼类移民。

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