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首页> 外文期刊>Lakes & Reservoirs >The restoration of a shallow lake by introducing Potamogeton spp.: The impact of waterfowl grazing
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The restoration of a shallow lake by introducing Potamogeton spp.: The impact of waterfowl grazing

机译：通过引入Potamogeton spp。恢复浅湖：水禽放牧的影响

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Submerged macrophytes were introduced by transplantation and enclosure experiments were performed in shallow, eutrophic Lake Engelsholm, Denmark. We investigated whether or not transplantations were possible, whether protection from grazing had a significant positive influence on the recolonization potential of plants and whether the impact of grazing on macrophytes differed over the season. Enclosure experiments showed that transplanted Potamogeton crispus disappeared in early summer if not. protected against waterfowl grazing. The results were supported by subsequent experiments that showed partial disappearance of Potamogeton pectinatus in early summer and a significant biomass reduction later in the season. We suggest that it is primarily waterfowl (coot, Fulica atra, and mallard, Anas platyrhynchos) that up-root young plants and graze on larger plants. Therefore, in order to promote recolonization of submerged, vascular macrophytes after fish manipulation, P. pectinatus, Potamogeton perfoliatus and Potamogeton lucens were transplanted into protected areas. During the first two years following transplantation, plant density development varied widely, from a decrease' in initial density to an overall six-fold increase. We conclude that macrophytes can be introduced by means of transplantation, although grazing might have a significantly negative influence even when waterfowl densities are relatively low (< 5.6 individuals ha~(-1))-Therefore, we suggest that transplants should be protected from waterfowl until established stands are formed to facilitate submerged macrophyte growth and dispersal, and to optimize their positive effects on the lake ecosystem as a whole. Furthermore, we suggest that protection from grazing is more important in early summer than in late summer and autumn.
机译：通过移植引入沉没的大型植物，并在丹麦富营养化的浅水恩格尔斯霍尔姆湖进行了封闭试验。我们调查了是否可以移植，是否放牧保护对植物的重新定殖潜力具有显着的积极影响以及放牧对大型植物的影响在整个季节是否不同。围栏实验表明，移植的Potamogeton crispus如果没有的话，会在初夏消失。防止水禽吃草。随后的实验证实了该结果，该实验显示，早初的美洲大眼amo（Potamogeton pectinatus）部分消失，而当季后期生物量显着减少。我们建议，主要是水禽（老傻瓜（Fulica atra）和绿头野鸭（Anas platyrhynchos）”使幼小的植物生根并在较大的植物上放牧。因此，为了促进鱼类操纵后沉没的大型水生植物的再定殖，将果蝇对虾，百日草和Lucatos移入保护区。在移植后的头两年中，植物密度的发展变化很大，从初始密度的降低到总体的六倍提高。我们得出结论，尽管即使水禽密度相对较低（<5.6个个体ha〜（-1）），放牧也可能产生明显的负面影响，但可以通过移植引入大型植物。因此，我们建议对移植物进行水禽保护直至形成成熟的林分，以促进沉水植物的生长和扩散，并优化其对整个湖泊生态系统的积极影响。此外，我们建议在初夏比在夏末和秋季保护免受放牧更为重要。

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