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Water use (and abuse) and its effects on the crater-lakes of Valle de Santiago, Mexico

机译：水资源使用（和滥用）及其对墨西哥圣地亚哥山谷的火山口湖的影响

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摘要

Most Mexicans live in the arid and semiarid regions that represent two-thirds of the Mexican territory, where water is scarce. Natural, as well as human, causes are favouring the degradation of Mexican lakes. There is a clear need to develop and implement sustainable water-use programmes at a catchment scale. However, the accelerated degradation rate of the Mexican lakes means that there will not be enough time to perform whole-basin evaluations to establish sustainable water-use programmes before the lakes dry up. The case of the Valle de Santiago crater-lakes clearly illustrates the declining trend that Mexican inland aquatic resources follow. Vegetation clearance, overgrazing, abatement of phreatic waters and salinization have induced severe erosion and overall desertification (land degradation) in the basin for what, it seems, a long time (i.e. prehispanic times). In this way, human activities could be provoking at least the following negative consequences: a hotter and drier local climate, water scarcity, dust storms and soil salinization. The aquatic (surface and groundwater) resources of the Valle de Santiago basin have been seriously threatened. Two of the four crater-lakes have already dried up and phreatic mantle abatement reaches up to 2.5 m per year. In spite of these facts, no sustainable water-use programme has been established yet. The future scenery of this Mexican basin looks alarmingly like many other basins in the central and northern Mexican territories.
机译：大多数墨西哥人生活在干旱和半干旱地区，这些地区占缺水的墨西哥领土的三分之二。自然和人为原因都在促进墨西哥湖泊的退化。显然有必要在流域规模上制定和实施可持续的用水计划。但是，墨西哥湖泊的加速退化速度意味着在湖泊干dry之前将没有足够的时间进行全流域评估以建立可持续的用水计划。圣地亚哥山谷火山口湖的情况清楚地说明了墨西哥内陆水生资源呈下降趋势。植被清除，过度放牧，浅水减少和盐碱化已导致流域遭受严重的侵蚀和总体荒漠化（土地退化），似乎持续了很长时间（即西班牙前时期）。这样，人类活动可能至少会带来以下负面影响：当地气候更加干燥干燥，水资源短缺，沙尘暴和土壤盐碱化。圣地亚哥山谷流域的水（地表水和地下水）资源受到了严重威胁。四个火山口湖中的两个已经干dried，每年的潜水地幔消减量高达2.5 m。尽管有这些事实，但尚未建立可持续的用水计划。与墨西哥中部和北部领土的许多其他盆地一样，这个墨西哥盆地的未来风光令人震惊。

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  • 来源
    《Lakes & Reservoirs》 |2000年第3期|145-149|共5页
  • 作者

    Javier Alcocer; Elva Escobar; Alfonso Lugo;

  • 作者单位

    Limnology Laboratory Environmental Conservation Improvement Project UIICSE UNAM campus Iztacala. Av. de los Barrios s Los Reyes Iztacala 54090 Tlalnepantla Estado de Mexico and Limnology Laboratory Environmental Conservation Improvement Project UIICSE UNAM campus Iztacala. Av. de los Barrios s Los Reyes Iztacala 54090 Tlalnepantla Estado de Mexico and;

    Benthic Ecology Laboratory Institute of Marine Sciences and Limnology UNAM. Apdo Postal 70–305 Ciudad Universitaria 04510 Mexico D.F. Mexico;

    Limnology Laboratory Environmental Conservation Improvement Project UIICSE UNAM campus Iztacala. Av. de los Barrios s Los Reyes Iztacala 54090 Tlalnepantla Estado de Mexico and;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    catchment processes; human impacts; saline lakes; shallow lakes; tropical lakes;

    机译：集水过程;人为影响;盐湖;浅湖;热带湖;

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